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Ольга
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20.01.2003 09:09:54
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Прочее; Россия-СССР;
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История термина "флейм"
Ольга сообщил в новостях
следующее:84260@kmf...
> Привет.
>
Привет
> А не сказано ли в НСХ про словечко "флейм"? А то у нас намедни с
коллегой спор вышел.
>
Конечно,есть целое гнездо словарных статей. Рассказана и
"фольклорная история вопроса".
Отрывок из НСХ.
========
File: jargon.info, Node: flamage, Next: flame, Prev: flaky, Up: = F =
:flamage: /flay'm*j/ /n./ Flaming verbiage, esp. high-noise,
low-signal postings to {Usenet} or other electronic {fora}.
Often in the phrase `the usual flamage'. `Flaming' is the act
itself; `flamage' the content; a `flame' is a single flaming
message. See {flame}, also {dahmum}.
File: jargon.info, Node: flame, Next: flame bait, Prev: flamage, Up: = F
=
:flame: 1. /vi./ To post an email message intended to insult
and provoke. 2. /vi./ To speak incessantly and/or rabidly on some
relatively uninteresting subject or with a patently ridiculous
attitude. 3. /vt./ Either of senses 1 or 2, directed with
hostility
at a particular person or people. 4. /n./ An instance of flaming.
When a discussion degenerates into useless controversy, one might
tell the participants "Now you're just flaming" or "Stop all
that flamage!" to try to get them to cool down (so to speak).
The term may have been independently invented at several different
places. It has been reported from MIT, Carleton College and RPI
(among many other places) from as far back as 1969.
It is possible that the hackish sense of `flame' is much older than
that. The poet Chaucer was also what passed for a wizard hacker in
his time; he wrote a treatise on the astrolabe, the most advanced
computing device of the day. In Chaucer's "Troilus and
Cressida", Cressida laments her inability to grasp the proof of a
particular mathematical theorem; her uncle Pandarus then observes
that it's called "the fleminge of wrecches." This phrase seems
to have been intended in context as "that which puts the wretches
to flight" but was probably just as ambiguous in Middle English as
"the flaming of wretches" would be today. One suspects that
Chaucer would feel right at home on Usenet.
:flame bait: /n./ A posting intended to trigger a {flame
war}, or one that invites flames in reply. See also {troll}.
:flame on: vi.,/interj./ 1. To begin to {flame}. The
punning reference to Marvel Comics's Human Torch is no longer
widely recognized. 2. To continue to flame. See {rave},
{burble}.
:flame war: /n./ (var. `flamewar') An acrimonious dispute,
especially when conducted on a public electronic forum such as
{Usenet}.
:flamer: /n./ One who habitually {flame}s. Said esp. of
obnoxious {Usenet} personalities.
=======
Перевод по русскому изданию
ФЛЕЙМ (вспылить,пылать негодованием). 1.гл.Отправлять по электронной
почте письмо с твердым намерением обидеть или хотя бы разозлить
всякого,кто будет его читать.2.гл.говорить безостановочнои\или в
скандальной тональности на малоинтересные темы, базарить,нести
откровенную чушь 3.гл.Любое из значений (1)и (2),адресованное в приступе
злобы конкретному человеку или группе. 4. сущ . Проявление скандального
поведения в общественном месте .
Когда в процессе дискуссии обсуждене отклоняется от темы,спорщики
переходят на личности и страсти накаляются, необходимо,чтобы нашелся
здравомыслящий человек и сказал -"Ребята,это уже базар!"или"Кончай
базар!"
...
...
Этот термин был введен одновременно и независимо в нескольких
местах,независимо друг от друга. Кроме того,нам сообщили,что в
Карлтоновском колледже в 1968-71 словом "флейминг"называли ночные
бестолковые бдения
(комментарий. Рассказана история появления термина,чисто фольклорная,с
весьма грубыми первыми коннотациями. Сразу в нескольких местах стал
употребляться этот впоследствии универсальное сленговый термин. Такая же
история приключалась и с другими жаргонизмами,вроде упомянутого мной
"клюг"или "клудж" .Для примера еще более давней фольклорной истории с
любопытными лингвистическими деталями привожу в конце словарную статью
НСХ и по этом термину.
Предшественник сетевого жаргонизма "флейм"- сленг студентов еще конца
60х годов. Появление его в эл.почте и затем в ЮЗНЕТ,т.е. "ньюс-группах"
или просто"ньюсах", своеобразной коллективной эл.почте, то есть в первых
формах широкого сетевого общения, предшествует его более широкому
последуюшему применению. Ниже упомянута одна из таких ньюсгрупп.они
бывают и читсо професиионального обсуждения четко определенной темы,это
называется"топик"группы. Названия групп состоят из нескольких
позиций,перая -родовой признак,далее -видовые. Названия бывают и из
3-4-5 позиций. Например,НСХ обсуждался в группе- the Usenet group
alt.folklore.computers. Форумы и гостевые книги сайтов -это последующие
формы сетевого общения после ЮЗНЕТ,ньюсы в РФ появились в 1992-93. Затем
это слово стало употребляться уже и в отношении других форм общения -
СП)
==============
File: jargon.info, Node: kluge, Next: kluge around, Prev: kludge, Up: =
K =
:kluge: /klooj/ [from the German `klug', clever; poss.
related to Polish `klucza', a trick or hook] 1. /n./ A Rube
Goldberg (or Heath Robinson) device, whether in hardware or
software. 2. /n./ A clever programming trick intended to solve a
particular nasty case in an expedient, if not clear, manner. Often
used to repair bugs. Often involves {ad-hockery} and verges on
being a {crock}. 3. /n./ Something that works for the wrong
reason. 4. /vt./ To insert a kluge into a program. "I've kluged
this routine to get around that weird bug, but there's probably a
better way." 5. [WPI] /n./ A feature that is implemented in a
{rude} manner.
Nowadays this term is often encountered in the variant spelling
`kludge'. Reports from {old fart}s are consistent that
`kluge' was the original spelling, reported around computers as
far back as the mid-1950s and, at that time, used exclusively of
*hardware* kluges. In 1947, the "New York Folklore
Quarterly" reported a classic shaggy-dog story `Murgatroyd the
Kluge Maker' then current in the Armed Forces, in which a `kluge'
was a complex and puzzling artifact with a trivial function. Other
sources report that `kluge' was common Navy slang in the WWII era
for any piece of electronics that worked well on shore but
consistently failed at sea.
However, there is reason to believe this slang use may be a decade
older. Several respondents have connected it to the brand name of
a device called a "Kluge paper feeder", an adjunct to mechanical
printing presses. Legend has it that the Kluge feeder was designed
before small, cheap electric motors and control electronics; it
relied on a fiendishly complex assortment of cams, belts, and
linkages to both power and synchronize all its operations from one
motive driveshaft. It was accordingly temperamental, subject to
frequent breakdowns, and devilishly difficult to repair -- but oh,
so clever! People who tell this story also aver that `Kluge' was
the name of a design engineer.
There is in fact a Brandtjen & Kluge Inc., an old family business
that manufactures printing equipment -- interestingly, their name
is pronounced /kloo'gee/! Henry Brandtjen, president of the
firm, told me (ESR, 1994) that his company was co-founded by his
father and an engineer named Kluge /kloo'gee/, who built and
co-designed the original Kluge automatic feeder in 1919.
Mr. Brandtjen claims, however, that this was a *simple* device
(with only four cams); he says he has no idea how the myth of its
complexity took hold.
{TMRC} and the MIT hacker culture of the early '60s seems to
have developed in a milieu that remembered and still used some WWII
military slang (see also {foobar}). It seems likely that
`kluge' came to MIT via alumni of the many military electronics
projects that had been located in Cambridge (many in MIT's
venerable Building 20, in which {TMRC} is also located) during
the war.
The variant `kludge' was apparently popularized by the
{Datamation} article mentioned above; it was titled "How
to Design a Kludge" (February 1962, pp. 30, 31). This spelling was
probably imported from Great Britain, where {kludge} has an
independent history (though this fact was largely unknown to
hackers on either side of the Atlantic before a mid-1993 debate in
the Usenet group alt.folklore.computers over the First and
Second Edition versions of this entry; everybody used to think
{kludge} was just a mutation of {kluge}). It now appears that
the British, having forgotten the etymology of their own `kludge'
when `kluge' crossed the Atlantic, repaid the U.S. by lobbing the
`kludge' orthography in the other direction and confusing their
American cousins' spelling!
The result of this history is a tangle. Many younger U.S. hackers
pronounce the word as /klooj/ but spell it, incorrectly for its
meaning and pronunciation, as `kludge'. (Phonetically, consider
huge, refuge, centrifuge, and deluge as opposed to sludge, judge,
budge, and fudge. Whatever its failings in other areas, English
spelling is perfectly consistent about this distinction.) British
hackers mostly learned /kluhj/ orally, use it in a restricted
negative sense and are at least consistent. European hackers have
mostly learned the word from written American sources and tend to
pronounce it /kluhj/ but use the wider American meaning!
Some observers consider this mess appropriate in view of the word's
meaning.
=====