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SKYPH
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mpolikar
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18.06.2019 14:13:20
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Прочее; 11-19 век; Флот;
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Re: О плаваниях...
>>запрет на строительство морских кораблей был. в 15 веке - точный год не помню, где-то "почти сразу" после Чжан Хэ.
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>Подозреваю, что корабли продолжали строить. Видимо, формально не для дальних плаваний. Но именно на них китайцы и доплыли до Филиппин, основав там колонию
Китайцы строили джонки, вполне себе пригодные для весьма дальнего каботажного плавания, весьма вероятно, что и не только каботажного. И не только джонки. Ибн Батута в Калькутте до 1347г видел китайские суда задолго до путешествия Чжэн Хэ: We stopped in the port of Calicut, in which there were at the time thirteen Chinese vessels, and disembarked. On the China Sea traveling is done in Chinese ships only, so we shall describe their arrangements. The Chinese vessels are of three kinds; large ships called chunks (junks), middle sized ones called zaws (dhows) and the small ones kakams. The large ships have anything from twelve down to three sails, which are made of bamboo rods plaited into mats. They are never lowered, but turned according to the direction of the wind; at anchor they are left floating in the wind.
A ship carries a complement of a thousand men, six hundred of whom are sailors and four hundred men-at-arms, including archers, men with shields and crossbows, who throw naphtha. Three smaller ones, the "half", the "third" and the "quarter", accompany each large vessel. These vessels are built in the towns of Zaytun (a.k.a. Zaitun; today's Quanzhou; 刺桐) and Sin-Kalan. The vessel has four decks and contains rooms, cabins, and saloons for merchants; a cabin has chambers and a lavatory, and can be locked by its occupants.
This is the manner after which they are made; two (parallel) walls of very thick wooden (planking) are raised and across the space between them are placed very thick planks (the bulkheads) secured longitudinally and transversely by means of large nails, each three ells in length. When these walls have thus been built the lower deck is fitted in and the ship is launched before the upper works are finished.
Ну и было же знаменитое плавание трехмачтовой китайской джонки Keying (Chinese: 耆英, Qíyīng) в 1847 в США, а в 1849 г в Британию