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Дата 22.02.2013 14:52:59 Найти в дереве
Рубрики Современность; Космос; Версия для печати

Регистрация крупных метеороидов с военных спутников

Принцип такой же как у геостационарных метеоспутников - наблюдать целое полушарие с геостационара за предмет вспышек в ИК-лучах.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Support_Program


материал на английском
http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs/mercury/9806/impact.html
Observation of Meteoroid Impacts by Space-Based Sensors

Over the past twenty years or so, a number of meteoroid impacts have been detected by space-based sensors. Infrared sensors on spacecraft operated by the U.S. Department of Defense have detected and recorded over 400 such impacts since 1972. These sensors were designed for military missions, and, therefore, it is not possible to describe them in detail in the open literature. At this point in time, the only description permissible is that the satellites have scanning sensors which operate in the short wavelength infrared. The number of sensors and their deployment is such that essentially the entire world is observed by them 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. However, this is not a perfect world in which we live, and the system has limitations.

In operation, the sensors are connected in real time to very large, very fast computers. These computers are able to scan the sensor data and, using extremely complex algorithms, extract details of events of interest to the operators. The remainder of the data is recorded and saved for a short period of time. If after that time, there is no call for saving the tapes, they are recycled. The problem lies in the phrase "events of interest to the operators."

Meteoroid impacts are generally not of interest, and, therefore, the data are generally not recorded for sensor-detected impacts. The exceptions are impacts that release large amounts of energy (e.g., large objects like that which produced the February 1994 event) or that are in areas of the globe where any detections are of possible interest; in those cases the data are recorded for future analysis. The result is that not all detected events are recorded.

The first recorded event was an Earth grazer that "impacted" on 10 August 1972.


http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs/mercury/9806/images/7.gif


<<<<Пример зарегистрированных ими метеоров с 1972 по 1997 год.
Geographic location of meteoroid impacts detected by space-based infrared sensors from August 1972 through July 1997. Solid circles represent night-time detections, and open circles represent impacts detected during daytime. Plot courtesy of author.

одна из крупнейших регистраций в Тихом океане. СМИ писали, даже Клинтона разбудили когда такой мощный взрыв обнаружили.

(почти такой же, как челябинский,но угол входа и скорость гораздо больше)


http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00671553?LI=true
On February 1, 1994, a large meteoroid impacted over the Pacific Ocean at 2.6° N, 164.1° E. The impact was observed by space based IR sensors operated by the US Department of Defense and by visible wavelength sensors operated by the US Department of Energy. During entry the object broke into several pieces, one of which detonated at 34 km and another at 21 km altitude. The entry velocity of the object is estimated to be 24–25 km/sec. Based on the visible wavelength data, the integrated intensity of the radiated energy of the fireball was approximately 1.3*10~13 joules. Assuming a 6000 K black body and a 30% efficiency for the conversion of the kinetic energy of the body into visible light, we estimate the mass of the body to be between 1.6*10~5 kg and 4.4*10~6 kg, and to have a diameter of between 4.4 and 13.5 meters. The object entered at a 45° angle, traveling on a heading of approximately 300°, i.e. from the southeast to the northwest. Calculations using a gross-fragmentation model indicate that the body was most likely a stony object larger than 10 m with an Apollo orbit prior to impact.


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http://situation.ru/