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От
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Skvortsov
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К
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Юрий Житорчук
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Дата
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19.04.2012 19:35:18
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Рубрики
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WWI; 1917-1939;
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Ох.... Придется много цитировать.
Под Версалем я подразумевал державы-победительницы, в первую очередь Францию.
Собственно, непонятно, почему Вы ссылаетесь на Версальский договор.
Версальский договор вообще к вопросу территорий, включенных в Чехословакию, отношения не имел. Чехословакия возникла на землях, ранее принадлежащих Австро-Венгрии. Поэтому в Версальском договоре лишь констатируется, что границей Германии и Чехословакии устанавливается граница между Германией и Австрией к 3 августа 1914 г.
http://s019.radikal.ru/i606/1204/1c/54509337bdcc.jpg
Отметим, что Версальский договор подписан 28 июня 1919 года, и Чехословакия является одной из сторон, подписавших его. Причем это произошло до подписания договора с Австрией. То-есть Чехословакия уже существовала де-юре, причем в границах, признаных странами-победительницами. В Версальском договоре эти границы признала и Германия.
Соглашение стран-победительниц (включая Чехословакию) с Австрией было подписано через два с половиной месяца, 10 сентября 1919 года. Как мы видим, к признанию существования Чехословакии и определению входящих в нее территорий в части Моравии и Богемии этот договор тоже не имеет отношения. Ибо страны-победительницы уже допустили Чехословакию к подписанию договора с Германией и уже определили начертание ее западных границ с Германией. В Сен-Жерменском мирном договоре просто проводится точное размежевание между двумя субъектами договора - Австрией и Чехословакией.
"PART I
THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
PART II
FRONTIERS OF AUSTRIA
Article 27
6. With the Czecho-Slovak State:
From the point above defined north-westwards to the bend of the old frontier of 1867 between Austria and Hungary about 21/2 kilometres north-east of Berg,
a line to be fixed on the ground, cutting the Kittsee-Pressburg road about 2 kilometres north of Kittsee;
thence northwards to a point to be selected on the principal channel of navigation of the Danube about 41/2 kilometres upstream from the Pressburg bridge,
a line to be fixed on the ground following as much as possible the old frontier of 1867 between Austria and Hungary;
thence westwards to the confluence of the Morava (March) with the Danube,
the principal channel of navigation of the Danube;
thence the course of the Morava upstream, then the course of the Thaya upstream to a point to be selected about 2 kilometres south-east of the intersection of the Rabensburg-Themenau road with the Rabensburg-Lundenburg railway;
thence west-north-westwards to a point on the old administrative boundary between Lower Austria and Moravia situated about 400 metres south of the point where this boundary cuts the Nikolsburg-Feldsberg railway,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing through points 187 (Dlouhyvrch), 221 (Rosenbergen), 223 (Wolfsberg), 291 (Raistenberg), 249 and 279 (Kallerhaide);
thence west-north-westwards the abovementioned administrative boundary;
thence westwards to a point to be selected about 3 kilometres east of the village of Franzensthal,
the old administrative boundary between Lower Austria and Bohemia;
thence southwards to point 498 (Gelsenberg) about 5 kilometres north-north-west of Gmünd,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing east of the Rottenschachen-Zuggers road and through points 537 and 522 (G. Nagel B.);
thence southwards and then west-north-westwards to a point on the old administrative boundary between Lower Austria and Bohemia situated about 200 metres north of the point where it cuts the Gratzen-Weitra road,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing between Zuggers and Breitensee, then through the most south-easterly point of the railway bridge over the Lainsitz leaving to Austria the town of Gmünd and to the Czecho-Slovak State the station and railway works of Gmünd (Wolfshof) and the junction of the Gmünd-Budweis and Gmünd-Wittingau railways, then passing through points 524 (Grundbühel), 577 (north of Hohenberg) and 681 (Lagerberg);
thence south-westwards the abovementioned administrative boundary;
thence north-westwards the old administrative boundary between Bohemia and Upper Austria to its point of junction with the frontier of Germany.
SECTION III
CZECHO-SLOVAK STATE
Article 53
Austria, in conformity with the action already taken by the Allied and Associated Powers, recognises the complete independence of the Czecho-Slovak State, which will include the autonomous territory of the Ruthenians to the south of the Carpathians.
Article 54
Austria renounces, so far as she is concerned, in favour of the Czecho-Slovak State all rights and title over the territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy situated outside the frontiers of Austria as laid down in Article 27, Part II (Frontiers of Austria), and recognised in accordance with the present Treaty as forming part of the. Czecho-Slovak State.
Article 55
A Commission composed of seven members, five nominated by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers, one by the Czecho-Slovak State, and one by Austria, will be appointed within fifteen days from the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot the frontier line laid down in Article 27.6, Part II (Frontiers of Austria), of the present Treaty.
The decisions of this Commission will be taken by a majority and shall be binding on the parties concerned.
Article 56
The Czecho-Slovak State undertakes not to erect any military works in that portion of its territory which lies on the right bank of the Danube to the south of Bratislava (Pressburg).
Article 57
The Czecho-Slovak State accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the Principal Allied and Associated Powers such provision as may be deemed necessary by these Powers to protect the interests of inhabitants of that State who differ from the majority of the population in race, language or religion.
The Czecho-Slovak State further accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the Principal Allied and Associated Powers such provisions as these Powers may deem necessary to protect freedom of transit and equitable treatment for the commerce of other nations.
Article 58
The proportion and nature of the financial obligations of the former Austrian Empire which the Czecho-Slovak State will have to assume on account of the territory placed under its sovereignty will be determined in accordance with Article 203, Part IX (Financial Clauses), of the present Treaty.
Subsequent agreements will decide all questions which are not decided by the present Treaty and which may arise in consequence of the cession of the said territory."
Таким образом, Чехословакия возникла де-юре как государство, включающее в себя территории бывшей Богемии, Моравии и австрийской Силезии с момента самопровозглашения. Можно спорить о дате - 14,18 или 28 октября 1918 (сами чехи отмечают День независимости 28 октября), но не о территории.
Если Вы считаете, что де-юре Судеты были закреплены за Чехословакией Версальским договором, то приведите хотя бы довод, почему австрийские земли были переданы чехам по договору с Германией, а так же укажите, что такое Судеты в определении Версальского договора (с цитированием определений из текста договора).