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badger
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30.07.2009 14:00:55
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11-19 век;
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Re: А на...
>...или только моряки торгового флота?
>Если да, то какая доля их могла там быть в общей численности команд?
>Кто оперировал артиллерией, зенитными автоматами?
Согласно принятому решению Государственного Комитета Обороны (ГКО), в конце 1941 г. началось вооружение торговых судов, в том числе и на Севере. На судах устанавливалось по одному-два орудия и несколько пулеметов. Для обслуживания вооружения направлялись военные команды из 15-16 военных моряков во главе с офицером – помощником капитана по военной части. Обучали владеть оружием и экипаж судна. В основном суда вооружались в своих портах приписки, но часть судов загранплавания была вооружена и прошла обучение в портах союзников по антифашистской коалиции – Англии и США.
http://www.pobeda.ru/content/view/3981
У американцев военные команды относились к US Navy Armed Guards
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy_Armed_Guard
У британцев гражданские, в основном, стреляли:
But the British Defensively Equipped Merchant Ship program (D.E.M.S.) was so radically different from the program which the United States had to follow that it could not be copied. British Navy personnel formed only a small portion of the gunners and officers were assigned only to the larger transports. The British depended largely on merchant seamen to man the guns on merchantmen, in view of their comparatively large crews, whereas the United States supplied Navy personnel to man all key positions, with assistance from the merchant crew in passing ammunition, loading, and manning other less important stations. The difference arose in part from the diverse nature of the maritime service in the two countries. In Britain, all merchant sailors were registered under the Universal Conscription Act of August, 1940, placed in seaman pools, and paid both afloat and ashore. They were completely under the control of the Ministry of Shipping and could be required to take gunnery training while in the pool awaiting further assignment. When assigned a gunnery station, British seamen received a shilling a day extra. The Master was in charge of the defense of the ship. But on United States ships the defense of the ship was a responsibility of the Armed Guard officer and his Navy gunners.
http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq104-1.htm