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От
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Robert
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К
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МиГ-31
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Дата
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09.02.2013 23:05:47
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Рубрики
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ВВС;
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Компромисс это, как всегда. Вот список преимуществ и недостатков (англ.):
Advantages Ideally, with fewer surfaces than a conventional three-aerofoil tail or a T-tail, the V-tail is lighter, has less wetted surface area, and thus produces less drag. However, NACA studies indicated that the V-tail surfaces must be larger than simple projection into the vertical & horizontal planes would suggest, such that total wetted area is roughly constant; reduction of intersection surfaces from three to two, does, however, produce a net reduction in drag through elimination of some interference drag.
In modern day, light jet general aviation aircraft such as the Cirrus Jet, Eclipse 400 or the unmanned aerial drone Global Hawk often have the power plant placed outside the aircraft to protect the passengers and make certification easier. In such cases V-tails are used to avoid placing the vertical stabilizer in the exhaust of the engine, which would disrupt the flow of the exhaust, reducing thrust and increasing wear on the stabilizer, possibly leading to damage over time.
Disadvantages Combining the pitch and yaw controls is difficult and requires a more complex control system. The V-tail arrangement also places greater stress on the rear fuselage when pitching and yawing[citation needed].
In the mid-1980s, the Federal Aviation Administration grounded the Beechcraft Bonanza due to safety concerns. While the Bonanza met the initial certification requirements, it had a history of fatal mid-air breakups during extreme stress, at a rate exceeding the accepted norm. The type was deemed airworthy and restrictions removed after Beechcraft issued a structural modification as an Airworthiness Directive.