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СТАТЬИ
Выпуск: N 100 , 2005 г
http://www.situation.ru/app/j_jn_28.htm
Сводный номер Новый исторический материализм

Политика

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1031.htm
Withering of Civil Society
Майкл Хардт
Disciplinary society can be characterized as civil society seen from a
different perspective, approached from underneath, from the microphysics
of its power relations. While Gramsci highlights the democratic
potentials of the institutions of civil society, Foucault makes clear
that civil society is a society founded on discipline and that the
education it offers is a diffuse network of normalization. From this
perspective, Gramsci and Foucault highlight the two contrasting faces of
Hegel's civil society.
From Deleuze and Guattari: New Mappings in Politics, Philosophy, and
Culture

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1028.htm
Social Control in "A Thousand Plateaus"
Jugene Holland
There are three forms of social power: sovereign, disciplinary, and
control. There are two modes of domination: servitude and subjection.
And there are three types of "capture" -- that is, three ways of
establishing and appropriating value: they are ground rent, profit, and
what I'll call "levy" (to translate "prйlиvement"), which is most
recognizable in the forms of taxes and interest (as distinct from
profit). A recurrent narrative trope seems to organize these categories,
a kind of perverse return to origins: the most advanced capitalism is
seen as rejoining the most archaic forms of barbarism
From Deleuze and Guattari: New Mappings in Politics, Philosophy, and
Culture

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_996.htm
О роли государства в развивающихся странах
В.В. Крылов
Необходимо ещё на этом пути выяснить, каково экономическое содержание
"первичной" государственной собственности: скрывается ли под ней процесс
воспроизводства индивидов как членов особых классов или она
воспроизводит их как членов общества вообще, каков исторический тип
частного или непосредственно общественного содержания этой
госсобственности (докапиталистический, капиталистический или еще какой),
кто кому подчинен, частная ли собственность общественной или наоборот? А
если паче чаяния общественное экономическое содержание государственной
собственности подчиняет себе частное, то еще надо определить, какова
историческая природа этих общественных функций госсобственности

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_997.htm
Правящие слои в общественной структуре развивающихся стран
В.В. Крылов
Разрушая местные традиционные формы капитализм создал на своей периферии
более приспособленные к его нуждам иные порядки, но эти порядки не были
капиталистическими сами по себе. Одно дело разложение традиционных
укладов предкапиталистической Европы, которое предшествовало капитализму
и из которого капитализм родился. Иное дело разложение традиционных
порядков в колониях, которое само было продуктом воздействия уже
развившегося в Европе капитализма. Даже сохранение доколониальных
укладных структур выглядит здесь как "недоделка" самого капитализма, как
его "грех", а не как только то, что сопротивление традиционных сил на
местах ему помешало сделать.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_998.htm
Об общественно-исторических типах наемного труда в развивающихся странах
В.В. Крылов
В многоукладных по своей социально-экономической структуре обществах
развивающихся стран разные слои наемных трудящихся занимают различное
место в системе отношений собственности прежде всего потому, что они
возникают на почве разных социально-экономических укладов.


Управление

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1034.htm
Economics, Computers and the War Machine. "PanSpectron"
Manuel De Landa
The models we create of these complex "institutional ecologies" should
include military organizations playing a large, relatively independent
role, to reflect the historical data we now have on several important
cases, like fifteenth century Venice, whose famous Arsenal was at the
time the largest industrial complex in Europe, or at eighteenth century
France and nineteenth century United States, and their military
standardization of weapon production. Another important example,
involves the development of the modern corporation, particularly as it
happened in the United States in the last century.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1035.htm
Meshworks, Hierarchies and Interfaces
Manuel De Landa
Even if we managed to promote not only heterogeneity, but diversity
articulated into a meshwork, that still would not be a perfect solution.
After all, meshworks grow by drift and they may drift to places where we
do not want to go. The goal-directedness of hierarchies is the kind of
property that we may desire to keep at least for certain institutions.
Hence, demonizing centralization and glorifying decentralization as the
solution to all our problems would be wrong. An open and experimental
attitude towards the question of different hybrids and mixtures is what
the complexity of reality itself seems to call for. To paraphrase
Deleuze and Guattari, never believe that a meshwork will suffice to save
us.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1006.htm
Характерные черты социально-экономических процессов в обществах
развивающихся стран
В.В. Крылов
Капиталистически ориентированная форма общественного развития отсталых
стран усугубляет нынешнее их положение еще и тем, что, увеличивая через
механизм многоукладности численность населения, она не только не делает
его новыми производителями, но, напротив, лишает следующие поколения
рабочих мест, делает их только потребителями, а не производителями и
таким образом вообще разрушает, а не развивает производительные силы,
порождает устойчивый и все углубляющийся разрыв между личными и
предметно-вещественными их элементами. Таким образом, не во всех своих
проявлениях рост населения означает развитие производительных сил.
Развитие отсталых стран по законам господствующего над ними извне
мирового капитализма выпячивает на первый план как раз отрицательные,
негативные стороны этого процесса.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1007.htm
Традиционализм и модернизация деревни развивающихся стран в условиях НТР
В.В. Крылов
Развитие аграрной сферы в освободившихся странах в условиях НТР отмечено
множеством неизвестных для модернизации европейского сельского хозяйства
в прошлом противоречий. Это и заметный абсолютный рост сельского
хозяйства при одновременном относительном отставании его от прочих
отраслей национальной экономики; и огромный исход сельского населения в
города, не сопровождающийся, однако, уменьшением его численности в самой
деревне; и острейший кризис производства продовольствия и
сельскохозяйственного сырья, вызванный особой отсталостью именно
аграрных сфер; и порождаемая этим кризисом гораздо большая
нестабильность всей общественной структуры, нежели нестабильность самого
сельского мира, и т.д. и т.п.


Экономика

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_652.htm
L'Economia Integrale, Fordism, and Post-Fordism
Bob Jessop
Although Gramsci saw the discipline of economics as being largely
concerned with 'value', he also located economic problems in their
broader political, intellectual, and moral context. His economic
analyses went far beyond any narrow concern with 'the relationship
between the worker and the productive forces'. This emerges from his
critique of Ricardo's concept of 'determined market' (mercato
determinato). Gramsci redefined this as '"equivalent to [a] determined
relation of social forces in a determined structure of the productive
apparatus", this relationship being guaranteed (that is, rendered
permanent) by a determined political, moral and juridical
superstructure'. In this sense the economy must be related to the
overall form of the 'historical bloc' and the 'ethico-political' as well
as economic and politico-military roles of the state


Аналитика

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_915.htm
Формирование и основные направления исторических идей молодого Грамши
(1911-1918)
И.В. Григорьева
глава 1ая из монографии "Историчсекие взгляды Антонио Грамши"

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_916.htm
ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ МЫСЛЬ ГРАМШИ В РАЗРАБОТКЕ ИМ ПРОБЛЕМ ПАРТИЙНОГО
СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И АНТИФАШИСТСКОЙ БОРЬБЫ КПИ [1921-1926 гг.)
И.В. Григорьева
глава 3ья из монографии "Исторические взгляды Антонио Грамши"

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_917.htm
ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ МЫСЛЬ ГРАМШИ В РАЗРАБОТКЕ ИМ ПРОБЛЕМ ПАРТИЙНОГО
СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА (окончание)
И.В. Григорьева
глава 3ья из монографии "Исторические взгляды Антонио Грамши"

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_918.htm
ГРАМШИ В ФАШИСТСКОЙ ТЮРЬМЕ. ОБЩИЙ ЗАМЫСЕЛ И ИСТОРИЯ СОЗДАНИЯ "ТЮРЕМНЫХ
ТЕТРАДЕЙ"
И.В. Григорьева
глава 4ая из монографии "Исторические взгляды Антонио Грамши"

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_994.htm
ИТАЛЬЯНСКАЯ И ВСЕМИРНАЯ ИСТОРИЯ В ТЮРЕМНЫХ ТРУДАХ ГРАМШИ
И.В. Григорьева
Проникая в глубины исторического прошлого или поднимаясь в сферу самых
высоких философских проблем, Грамши вносил свой вклад в обогащение
теоретического арсенала революционной политики. Он хорошо знал, что
мысль способна служить действию, и потому был убежден, что "можно - не
впадая в вульгарный скептицизм и не убаюкивая себя с помощью удобного
"лицемерия",.. - обрести ясность духа также и перед лицом самых
абсурдных противоречий и под гнетом самой жестокой необходимости, если
суметь мыслить "исторично", диалектически и трезво определить свои
задачи вообще или хотя бы свою частную и ограниченную задачу".
глава 5-ая из книги И.Григорьевой. Полностью текст книги опубликован в
альманахе "Восток" на протяжении нескольких номеров
http://www.situation.ru/app/aut_t_101.htm

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1034.htm
Capitalism: a Very Special Delirium
Феликс Гваттари, Жиль Делез
There isn't the slightest operation, the slightest industrial or
financial mechanism that does not reveal the dementia of the capitalist
machine and the pathological character of its rationality (not at all a
false rationality, but a true rationality of *this* pathology, of *this
madness*, for the machine does work, be sure of it). There is no danger
of this machine going mad, it has been mad from the beginning and that's
where its rationality comes from.


Социальная философия
http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_664.htm
http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_662.htm
http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_663.htm
History & Class Consciousness 1 Reification and the Consciousness of the
Proletaria
Г.Лукач
To be radical is to go to the root of the matter. For man, however, the
root is man himself.
Marx: Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right.
History & Class Consciousness II: The Antinomies of Bourgeois Thought
Г.Лукач
This way of describing modern society is so familiar and the attempts to
analyse it recur so frequently in the course of later developments that
it would be supererogatory to furnish further proof of it. What is of
greater importance is the fact that the converse of this insight has not
escaped notice either. After Hegel had clearly recognised the bourgeois
character of the 'laws of nature'
History & Class Consciousness III: The Standpoint of the Proletariat
Г.Лукач
What change has been brought about, then, socially by this point of view
and even by the possibility of taking up a point of view at all towards
society? 'In the first instance' nothing at all. For the proletariat
makes its appearance as the product of the capitalist social order. The
forms in which it exists are - as we demonstrated in Section I - the
repositories of reification in its acutest and direst form and they
issue in the most extreme dehumanisation. Thus the proletariat shares
with the bourgeoisie the reification of every aspect of its life.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_999.htm
МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ ФОРМАЦИЙ
В.В. Крылов
Сохранение укладов, отличных от капитализма в страновых границах может
быть понято не только как неполное осуществление прогрессивных тенденций
капитализма (упор на них был бы методом "легального марксизма"), но и
как проявление консервативных тенденций того же самого
капиталистического строя. Наличие в конце капиталистической эпохи
отсталых в экономическом и многоукладных в социальном отношении стран не
есть просто то, что капитализм не успел доделать, но есть особое
периферийное проявление самих универсальных законов капитала.
Своевременное устранение и реформирование отсталых форм есть не простая
доделка буржуазного дела, не буржуазно-демократические преобразования,
но устранение особых периферийных последствий действия самих законов
капитализма, т.е. есть дело антибуржуазное даже в том, что касается
докапиталистических форм. Такой подход позволяет описать многоукладность
не просто как некую незавершенность истинных тенденций капитализма, не
как некое, вызванное "господином случаем", отклонение чистых законов
капитализма в результате уродующего их чистое проявление отклоняющего
воздействия эмпирической истории, но как закономерное для периферии
капиталистического мира проявление его собственных законов.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1038.htm
The Labor of Fire:
On Time and Labor in the Grundrisse
Bruno Gulli
Labor is the living, form-giving fire; it is the transitoriness of
things, their temporality, as their formation by living time. - Marx,
Grundrisse

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1040.htm
The Spinoza-intoxicated man: Deleuze on expression
Robert Pircey
To the extent that Deleuze tries to make substance turn on its modes, he
might be seen as an even greater thinker of immanence than Spinoza.
Perhaps, then, Deleuze is not just a Spinozist. Perhaps he is a more
thorough-going Spinozist than Spinoza.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1030.htm
Spinoza and Marx
Jugene Holland
The aim of the experiment here is to deliberately exaggerate the extent
of that influence: to think through some of the possible implications of
placing Spinoza at the heart of Marx's endeavor.
Negri's reading of Spinoza in "Savage Anomaly" thus mirrors Althusser's
reading of Marx: both strive to establish a "break" within their
respective corpi, despite considerable philological difficulty.,,,
Deleuze and Guattari make the inseparability of humanity and nature a
key feature of their Marxism in Anti-Oedipus - "Nature = Industry,
Nature = History."


История

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1036.htm
"A Thousand Years of Non-linear History". Manuel de Landa's Deleuze
Jeff Lord
De Landa has refashioned Deleuze and Guattari's triadic-movement-
concept into a concept of hierarchies and meshworks to demonstrate
self-organizing processes, stratifying or destratifying, which occur in
both organic and non-organic life ("one within each" or about as far
away as that street light" . These concepts are the analytic
cornerstones of his text . In short, de Landa's non-linear dynamic
theory brings to the foreground the "point" at which matter and energy
reach a threshold and spontaneously produce stabilized states
(bifurcation). Minor fluctuations which are introduced - become
involved - during these states alter the outcome of this process (there
is no optimality, no 'best' solution). At the 'centre' of his non-linear
history are "attractors" (the 'centre' of a field of forces) which, like
whirlpools or hurricanes, draw things to themselves (passion and joy) or
are swept up in another field of force (swept up by another
"attractor").


Наука

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1052.htm
Теория сложности (Complexity) и системный подход
М. Джаксон
Теория хаоса и сложности - это новая научная парадигма. Системы
находятся в постоянном движении, взаимодействия с внешней средой,
перерабатывая информацию и осуществляя обратную связь. Стадии
динамического покоя перемежаются со стадиями настолько сложными, что
производят впечатление полного и непредсказуемого хаоса. Порядок
рождается из беспорядка в процессе самоорганизации, но в определенный
момент <ослабленная> стабильностью система вновь дает рождение хаосу.
В теории сложности существуют шесть основных теоретических понятий: (1)
чувствительность к первоначальным условиям, (2) странные аттракторы, (3)
самотождественность, (4) самоорганизация, (5) край хаоса и (6) холмистый
ландшафт.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1055.htm
Детерминированный хаос и информационные технологии
А.С. Дмитриев
Хаос, как бы он ни был интересен, - это лишь часть сложного поведения
нелинейных систем. Существует также не поддающееся интуитивному
осознанию явление, которое можно было бы назвать антихаосом. Оно
выражается в том, что некоторые весьма беспорядочные системы спонтанно
"кристаллизуются", приобретая высокую степень упорядоченности.
Предполагается, что антихаос играет важную роль в биологическом развитии
и эволюции.
Есть ряд аргументов в пользу того, что наряду с хорошо изученными тремя
типами поведения динамических систем - стационарными состояниями,
периодическими и квазипериодическими колебаниями, а также хаосом,
существует и четвертый, специфический тип поведения на границе между
регулярным движением и хаосом. Было замечено, что на этой границе,
которую называют "кромкой хаоса", могут иметь место процессы, подобные
процессам эволюции и обработки информации.
В противоположность динамическому хаосу, рассматриваемое явление,
именуемое иногда комплексностью(complexity), возникает в системах,
состоящих из многих взаимодействующих элементов. Такие системы часто не
только демонстрируют четвертый тип поведения, но и обладают адаптивными
свойствами, если под адаптацией понимать резкое упрощение динамики
системы по сравнению с многомерной хаотической динамикой совокупности ее
изолированных элементов. Приводимые ниже примеры отражают ряд общих
свойств систем на кромке хаоса.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1026.htm
http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1027.htm
Becoming as Creative Involution?: Contextualizing Deleuze and Guattari's
Biophilosophy
Mark Hansen
biological research and theory form a central reference point in Gilles
Deleuze's philosophy. From his early major work culminating in
Difference and Repetition of 1968, through his collaboration with Fйlix
Guattari on Capitalism and Schizophrenia (especially, A Thousand
Plateaus of 1980), to his final work on Leibniz and geophilosophy (The
Fold, and with Guattari again, What is Philosophy?), Deleuze has framed
his account of individuation and agency through an evolving critical
engagement with evolutionary thinking. Rooted in his early
rehabilitation of Henri Bergson's 1907 Creative Evolution, Deleuze's
heretical "evolutionism" draws widely and irreverently on the advances
of recent biology


http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_600.htm
Stephen Jay Gould: Dialectical Biologist
Phil Gasper
Gould and other members of Science for the People responded by rejecting
these ideas as simply the latest version of a scientifically bankrupt
biological determinism. "The reason for the survival of these recurrent
determinist theories," they wrote in a letter to the New York Review of
Books, "is that they consistently tend to provide a genetic
justification for the status quo and of existing privileges for certain
groups according to class, race or sex."

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1029.htm
The Geology of Morals. A Neo-Materialist Interpretation
Manuel De Landa
Distinction between command hierarchies and decentralized markets may
turn out to be a special case of a more general dichotomy. In the view
of philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, this more abstract
classes, which they call strata and self-consistent aggregates (or trees
and rhizomes), are defined not so much by the locus of control, as by
the nature of the elements that are connected together. Strata are
composed of homogenous elements, whereas self-consistent aggregates, or
to use the term I prefer, meshworks, articulate heterogeneous elements
as such. {{3}} For example, a military hierarchy allocates people into
internally homogenous ranks before joining them together through a chain
of command. Markets, on the other hand, allow for a set of heterogeneous
needs and offers to become articulated through the price mechanism,
without reducing their diversity.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1037.htm
Deleuze and the Open-ended Becoming of the World
Manuel De Landa
Unlike social constructivism, which achieves openness by making the
world depend on human interpretation, Deleuze achieves it by making the
world into a creative, complexifying and problematizing cauldron of
becoming. Because of their anthropocentrism, constructivist philosophies
remain prisoners of what Foucault called "the episteme of man", while
Deleuze plunges ahead into a post-humanist future, in which the world
has been enriched by a multiplicity of non-human agencies, of which
metallic catalysts, and their acts of recognition and intervention, are
only one example. And, in contrast with other realist or materialist
philosophies of the past (such as Engel's dialectics of nature), the key
non-human agency in Deleuzian philosophy has nothing to do with the
negative, with oppositions or contradictions, but with pure, productive,
positive difference. It is ultimately this positive difference, and its
affirmation in thought, that insures the openness of the world.


Антропология

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1054.htm
Познающее тело. Новые подходы в эпистемологии
Елена Князева, Алексей Туробов
С конца 80-х - начала 90-х годов интенсивно развивается так называемый
телесный подход в когнитивной науке. Его сторонники, большинство которых
работают в США, ощущают себя новаторами в своей области знания. В этой
статье мы хотим, во-первых, рассказать об основных положениях такого
подхода, во-вторых, вспомнить о созвучных ему идеях ряда
предшественников и, в-третьих, раскрыть существо некоторых проблем,
которые наиболее рельефно высвечиваются под новым углом зрения.
Когнитивная наука (cognitive science) - междисциплинарное направление
научных исследований, охватывающее все те научные дисциплины, которые
изучают человеческое сознание и его нейрофизиологическую основу - мозг -
во всех их проявлениях. Она использует исследовательские результаты и
данные эволюционной биологии, нейрофизиологии, психологии, в первую
очередь когнитивной психологии и генетической психологии (психологии
развития Ж. Пиаже), психоанализа и психотерапии, философии, прежде всего
эволюционной эпистемологии, лингвистики и нейролингвистики, информатики
(то, что известно на Западе как computer science), робототехники.



http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_653.htm
Lukacs' Reification and Heller's Theory of need in Marx
Daniel du Prie
Concepts such as Lukacs' 'reification' and Heller's 'dissatisfaction'
are still valid, especially in light of the triumphant 'self-indulgence'
and 'positivism' of capitalist theories, such as globalisation and
economic rationalism, which are now attempting in a similar manner that
appears to many people as more dictatorial than democratic, at the least
in a 'sinister' manner, to become global social realities.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_899.htm
The State and Economy as Regimes of Discipline: beyond state fetishism
Chris Kortright
Almost all theories of the State proceed as if the State were indeed a
universal, a prerequisite to our social existence rather than a product
of our social existence. This as if act by State theorists acts to
refetishize, rather than reveal, the State qua State. By treating the
State as a coherent object with ontological qualities not its own (i.e.
fetishizing it), State theorists reify ("thing-ify") the State, treating
it as a thing or a given, rather than, for instance, as a mappable
constellation of social practices.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_901.htm
Spinoza's political ontology
Jan Sjunnesson
" Spinoza's true politics is his metaphysics " - Antonio Negri

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_902.htm
POWER AND DESIRE IN THE POLITICAL ONTOLOGY OF SPINOZA AND
DELEUZE/GUATTARI
Jan Sjunnesson
"If two men unite and join forces, the together they have more power,
and consequently more right against other things in nature, than either
alone; and the more there be that unite in this way, the more right will
they collectively posses",

Baruch Spinoza



Разное

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1041.htm
Глоссарий - 100
Интернет
Autopoesis, adaptation, affect, non-linearity, self-organization,
form/matter, energy, force, power, desire. brain, mind/brain...

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1042.htm
Глоссарий - 100 (2)
Интернет
consciousness, body, mapping, abstract / concrete, diagram / abstract,
multiplicity, plane of immanence, singularities

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1043.htm
Глоссарий - 100 (3)
Интернет
event, organism, organicism, parallel/serial, evolution, work


http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1046.htm
Глоссарий - 100 (4)
Интернет
http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1047.htm
Глоссарий - 100 (5)
Интернет



Черновики , архивы

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1053.htm
Теория равновесия Богданова и Бухарина , системный подход и теория
самоорганизации систем
В.В. Юшманов
Наиболее важной для нас является изложенная в "Тектологии" концепция
(принцип) "подвижного равновесия" систем. Любая из них, по А.А.
Богданову [3], характеризуется отношениями как "внутри нее - между всеми
ее частями", так и между нею "как целым и ее средой, т.е. всеми внешними
системами". Равновесной же или "системой равновесия" является та из них,
"которая сохраняет свое данное строение в данной среде". Взаимодействие
с последней осуществляется в форме "подвижного равновесия обмена
веществом и энергией между неживым или живым комплексом и его средой".
Поскольку среда постоянно изменяется, то комплекс может устойчиво
существовать и развиваться только тесно взаимодействуя с ней. Для
характеристики этого взаимодействия А.А. Богданов вводит понятия
"консервативный" и "прогрессивный" отбор ("подбор") элементов.

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1056.htm
Some Remarks on the Philosophical Significance of Complexity Theory
Интернет
According to Manuel DeLanda, in the late 60s, Gilles Deleuze began to
formulate some of the philosophical significance of what is now
sometimes referred to as "chaos/complexity theory," the study of "open"
matter/energy systems which move from simple to complex patterning and
from complex to simple patterning. Though not a term used by
contemporary scientists in everyday work ("non-linear dynamics" is
preferred), it can be a useful term for a collection of studies of
phenomena whose complexity is such that Laplacean determinism no longer
holds beyond a limited time and space scale. Thus the formula of
chaos/complexity might be "short-term predictability, long-term
unpredictability."

http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1057.htm
О контурах мета-теоретических проектов. Путевые заметки
С. Пуденко
Речь идет об исключительно охватном и долговременном фронте исследований
, Проекте сетевого типа, мало известном у нас в России (но не в мире) и
все еще слабо освоенном (наукой) в качестве возможного "нового
основания" множества различных дисциплин



---------------------------

дополнительные материалы по теме выпуска

http://www.computerra.ru/upload/iblock/907177a428814373aa9fdc42be88232b.
jpg
спецномер ХАОС
http://offline.computerra.ru/1998/275/
http://offline.computerra.ru/1998/275/2018/

теория сложности
http://www.dlutskiy.com/theory/systems4.htm

http://www.membrana.ru/forum/scitech.html?parent=1052107492#1052107492
Есть ли книга Mitchell Waldrop "Complexity" на русском языке?

Вот тут сам Валдроп
все разъясняет
http://www.tnellen.com/ted/tc/complexity.html
и вот доступная для понимания рецензия
http://www.dooyoo.co.uk/printed-books/complexity-m -mitchell-waldrop/454
82/

По русски перевод Complexity словом "сложность" звучит нехорошо, не
привычно для русского. У нас более привычно говорить: "Теория чего-то
там...".

Перевод с одного языка на другой - это выражение смысла, заключенного в
исходной фразе на одном языке, средствами другого языка. То есть
ориентироваться нужно на смысл. Судя по аннотации речь идёт о
новоиспечённой ТЕОРИИ о том как части СЛОЖНЫХ СИСТЕМ взаимодйствуют друг
с другом и как целое. Отсюда ближайший перевод для Complexity - Теория
сложных систем.

Spatiotemporal Chaos (Complexity). deterministic chaos
Наиболее понятно тут:
http://www.halexandria.org/dward741.htm
http://www.calresco.org/applicat.htm
По-русски посмотри поисковиком "самоорганизующиеся системы", "Открытые
системы", "самоорганизация систем", "хаос", "фракталы",
"детерминированный хаос"

Не знаю, как у тебя с математикой и теоретической физикой, но вот более
или менее понятно

http://www.cplire.ru/rus/InformChaosLab/chaoscomputerra/Dmitriev.html
http://www.cplire.ru/win/InformChaosLab/chaoscomputerra/Malinetskii.html

Термины не имеют точного соответствия. <Кромка хаоса> - наиболее
соответствует русскому <детерминированный хаос>.
С <комплексностью> еще хуже - потому что всякие комсомольские
начальнички и философы понаписали множество диссертай по <комплексному>
управлению, <комплексному> решению задач нечерноземья и пр.
Поэтому пока(?) пишут и английский термин и поясняют, что имеется ввиду,
например, так:
http://www.computerra.ru/offline/1998/275/2065/?print


http://www.lpur.tsu.ru/Seminar/a0102/060.htm
юшманов о бухарине и богданове

ХАОС,отличная вводная (Сайентифик Америкен )
http://ega-math.narod.ru/Nquant/Chaos.htm
http://rusnauka.narod.ru/lib/phisic/chaos/2/index.html

Шарин Ю.С., Якимович Б.А., Толмачев В.Г., Коршунов А.И. Теория
сложности. Ижевск, 1999. - 132 с.
Шарин Ю.С., Тоболкин А.П. Теория сложности и вопросы антикризисного
развития фирмы / Урал. гос....

ISBN: 0826479324
Автор: DeLanda ( )
Название: Intensive Science & Virtual Philosophy ( )
Издательство: Continuum
Классификация: Западная философия,
Обложка: Paperback
Страницы: 240 pages
Вес: 0,00 кг.
Дата издания: March 2005
Описание: Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy cuts to the heart of
the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and of today's science wars. At the
start of the 21st Century, Deleuze is now regarded as the most radical
and influential of contemporary philosophers. Yet his work is widely
misunderstood and misinterpreted. In this already classic work Manuel
DeLanda does what the growing host of Deleuzians have falled to do - he
makes sense of Deleuze for both analytic and continental thought, for
both science and philosophy.
Дополнительное описание: Кол-во стр.: 240
Формат: 198 x 129
Дата издания: 2005
Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка.
Цена: 648.00 р.

http://www.protevi.com/john/Postmodernity/IntensiveScienceOutline.html
http://www.protevi.com/john/DG/Materialism.html
http://www.protevi.com/john/Postmodernity/complexity.htm



Глоссарий Хаберта (огромный)
http://www.christianhubert.com/hypertext/affect.html
http://www.christianhubert.com/hypertext/Machinic_Phylum_or.html

Massumi, Brian (1992). A User's Guide to Capitalism and Schizophrenia:
Deviations from Deleuze and Guattari. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Maturana, Humberto and Franciso Varela (1980). Autopoiesis and
Cognition. Boston:

http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2220/is_1_46/ai_n8590074
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2220/is_1_46/ai_n8590074/pg_2
Intersections of science, sensation, and culture
Criticism, Wntr, 2004 by Charles J. Stivale
Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation by Brian Massumi.
Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. viii + 328. $21.95 paper.
If we have somehow previously missed the signs (and texts) of Brian
Massumi's provocative critical production, Parables for the Virtual:
Movement, Affect, Sensation
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0822328828?v=glance&vi=con
tents
Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation Brian Massumi.
Paperback,
March 2002 Other Formats: Hardcover. Our Price: $21.95.



http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/text-only/issue.904/15.1edbauer.txt
Trembath, Paul. "Reactivating Deleuze: critical affects after cultural
materialism"
Postmodern Culture - Volume 7, Number 3, May 1997,

http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v007/7.3r_trembath.html



синергетики
http://www.synergetic.ru/sections/autopoiesis/print.php?print=articles/t
ar_org
http://www.synergetic.ru/philosophy/print.php?print=rodin
аутопоэзис
http://www.synergetic.ru/science/print.php?print=langsy
буданов


культурели
Постмодернизм
Энциклопедия
Сост. А.А.Грицанов, М.А.Можейко
http://infolio.asf.ru/Philos/Postmod/mashinzhelan.html

http://lib.ru/CULTURE/ILIN/poststrukt.txt_Piece40.07



...........


От Микола
К Пуденко Сергей (25.01.2006 12:05:43)
Дата 28.08.2006 03:12:53

ОК contra computation sociology



>Антропология

> http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1054.htm
>Познающее тело. Новые подходы в эпистемологии
>Елена Князева, Алексей Туробов
>С конца 80-х - начала 90-х годов интенсивно развивается так называемый телесный подход в когнитивной науке. Его сторонники, большинство которых работают в США, ощущают себя новаторами в своей области знания. В этой статье мы хотим, во-первых, рассказать об основных положениях такого подхода, во-вторых, вспомнить о созвучных ему идеях ряда предшественников и, в-третьих, раскрыть существо некоторых проблем, которые наиболее рельефно высвечиваются под новым углом зрения.
Хорошая статья Князевой и Турбова Познающее тело….
Вспоминается параллельно прошедшая дискуссия на форуме Кара-Мурзы об информации и живой материи между карамурзятами-сторонниками компьтационного подхода и “другими” – разделяющими поход, который можно было бы обозначить как диалектический, а по сути - инкорпорационный. Там, кроме прочего, приводились аргументы из диамата, синергетики, концепции автопоэзиса Умберто Матураны Франциско Варелы (Древо познания. Биологические корни человеческого понимания. М., “Прогресс-Традиция”, 2001), но их было маловато. Вот что значит не заглядывать в Альманах ...


От Пуденко Сергей
К Микола (28.08.2006 03:12:53)
Дата 02.09.2006 11:37:39

"Рыбные места надо знать"


Микола сообщил в новостях
следующее:4022@vstrecha...
>
>
> >Антропология
>
> > http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1054.htm
> >Познающее тело. Новые подходы в эпистемологии
> >Елена Князева, Алексей Туробов

> Хорошая статья Князевой и Турбова Познающее тело".
> Вспоминается параллельно прошедшая дискуссия на форуме Кара-Мурзы об
информации и живой материи между карамурзятами-сторонниками
компьтационного подхода и 'другими" . разделяющими поход, который можно
было бы обозначить как диалектический, а по сути - инкорпорационный.
Там, кроме прочего, приводились аргументы из диамата, синергетики,
концепции автопоэзиса Умберто Матураны Франциско Варелы (Древо познания.
Биологические корни человеческого понимания. М., 'Прогресс-Традиция",
2001), но их было маловато.

Вот что значит не заглядывать в Альманах ...
>
>

верно, насчет "нового материализма" и развивающейся всвязи с ним
когнитологией (так ее и Шушарин называет) - нигде кроме как в нашем
моссельпроме.

Я кстати кляну себя, что вовремя тог же Конрада Лоренца (одного из их
основоположников) не просек. Сейчас достал срочно догоняю. Агрессия,
Оборотная сторона зеркала

У нынешних англоамер"когнитологов" метолдическая база жидкая.
Князева-"синергетик" ,подруга Курдюмова. А Варела воообще отдельная
тема.

Еще обязательно доставайте Дж.Гибсон "Экологический подход к
восприятию." Теория "способностей" (возможностей - affordances). У нас
издана давно, в 1980х, отрывок есть в сети, но сейчас уже есть
продолжение сюжета, на рууских сайтах маловато. Оно у делезовцев есть
(Ди Ланда)

Не надо опазывать на это " уходящий поезд"! а то так и будем жвать
идеалистические мочалки,приправленнные всякими "ОПК". Стыдно ведь даже
перед эскимосами. китайцами и малайцами .

Runaway train never come back


От Микола
К Пуденко Сергей (02.09.2006 11:37:39)
Дата 07.09.2006 23:22:56

Топос и фюсис

День добрый!
>тема.
Спасибо за подсказку. В интете кое-что есть --
>Еще обязательно доставайте Дж.Гибсон "Экологический подход к
>восприятию." Теория "способностей" (возможностей - affordances). У нас
>издана давно, в 1980х, отрывок есть в сети, но сейчас уже есть
>продолжение сюжета, на рууских сайтах маловато. Оно у делезовцев есть
>(Ди Ланда)
Обязательно ознакомлюсь.
>Не надо опазывать на это " уходящий поезд"! а то так и будем жвать
>идеалистические мочалки,приправленнные всякими "ОПК". Стыдно ведь даже
>перед эскимосами. китайцами и малайцами .
Как-то уже традиционно сложилось, что поиски первоначал мышления и воприятия у нас на откуп отдавались филосовам, а те, в массе своей в хвосте ташились за философскими проблемами естествознания вчерашнего дня ... Вот так и получилось, что нанайцы с китайцами нас обскакали ...
С уваженим, Николай.
От Пуденко Сергей
К Микола (07.09.2006 23:22:56)
Дата 10.09.2006 16:38:33

"Агрессият" от aggredi


Микола сообщил в новостях
следующее:4160@vstrecha...
> День добрый!
> >тема.
> Спасибо за подсказку. В интете кое-что есть --
> >Еще обязательно доставайте Дж.Гибсон "Экологический подход к
> >восприятию." Теория "способностей" (возможностей - affordances). У
нас
> >издана давно, в 1980х, отрывок есть в сети, но сейчас уже есть
> >продолжение сюжета, на рууских сайтах маловато. Оно у делезовцев
есть
> >(Ди Ланда)
> Обязательно ознакомлюсь.


"Агрессия", или "Так назваемое зло".Конрад Лоренц



Блестящая, яркая работа по узловому вопросу -помните, я писАл "Основной
инстинкт",про спинозовский "конатус"(впрочем, он и у Гоббса есть).
Формулировка _сущности_ вещи в динамике на латыни совпадает и с
первым законом Ньютона. Perseverantia. УпорстВование в собственном бытии
,характерное не только человеку и лососю, но и дереву

Обратите внимание, что открытый и "поставленный во главу угла" Лоренцом
на колоссальном материале этологии (он ее отец) "четвертый" из "великих
древних инстинктов" - голод,пол.влечение,страх,агрессия - трактуется
Лоренцем оч.широко,от лат aggredi -"приступать ,наступать, пытаться,
предпринимать"( в примечаниях к книге).

"Молодец,так держать! И не надо четырех слов,товарищ Лоренц! ---- с ком
приветом. Ульянов-ленин-со товарищи"


"Эгокультурность" один в один описана в главе 10 . Ее бы сейчас
на все угарные вопящие "кондопожством" форумы надо транслировать
>

рекомендовал бы в виде первой прививки от пропаганды "эгокультурности"
(по Шушарину) начинать с чтения "АГРЕССИИ" Конрада Лоренца, глава 10ая
"Крысы" (и в противовес - про любимых Лоренцом гусей). "На уровне кланов
крыс" реагировать на мир нам было бы весьма чревато.

Есть в сети

http://www.lib.com.ua/books/3/888n1.html
цитата

В двух первых главах я начинаю с описания простых наблюдений типичных
форм агрессивного поведения; затем в третьей главе перехожу к его значе-
нию для сохранения вида, а в четвертой говорю о физиологии инстинктивных
проявлений вообще и агрессивных в частности - достаточно для того, чтобы
стала ясной спонтанность их неудержимых, ритмически повторяющихся проры
вов. В пятой главе я разъясняю процесс ритуализации и обособления новых
инстинктивных побуждений, возникающих в ходе этого процесса, - разъясняю
в той мере, насколько это нужно в дальнейшем для понимания роли этих но
вых инстинктов в сдерживании агрессии. Той же цели служит шестая глава в
которой дан общий обзор системы взаимодействий разных инстинктивных
побуждений. В седьмой главе будет на конкретных примерах показано, какие
механизмы "изобрела" эволюция, чтобы направить агрессию в безопасное
русло, какую роль при выполнении этой задачи играет ритуал, и насколько
похожи возникающие при этом формы поведения на те, которые у человека
диктуются ответственной моралью. Эти главы создают предпосылки для того,
чтобы можно было понять функционирование четырех очень разных типов об
щественной организации.

Первый тип - это анонимная стая, свободная от
какой-либо агрессивности, но в то же время лишенная и личного самосозна-
ния, и общности отдельных особей.
Второй тип - семейная и общественная жизнь, основанная лишь на ло-
кальной структуре защищаемых участков, как у кваквы и других птиц, гнез-
дящихся колониями.
Третий тип - гигантская семья крыс, члены которой не различают друг
друга лично, но узнают по родственному запаху и проявляют друг к другу
образцовую лояльность; однако с любой крысой, принадлежащей к другой
семье, они сражаются с ожесточеннейшей партийной ненавистью.
И наконец, четвертый вид общественной организации - это такой, в котором
узы личной любви и дружбы не позволяют членам сообщества бороться и
вредить друг другу. Эта форма сообщества, во многом аналогичного
человеческому, под- робно описана на примере серых гусей.
>>




От Пуденко Сергей
К Пуденко Сергей (25.01.2006 12:05:43)
Дата 21.02.2006 16:54:16

БИТВА В ПУТИ . Надо помочь зарубежным товарищам,стонущим и т.д.

идет настоящая БИТВА за ТЕОРИЮ

БЛС-у - вмейл отправлю подробный со всеми данными о книгах в разных
шопах, речь идет прежде всего про то что внизу

а битва наглядно высовывается тут
http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1076.htm
http://www.situation.ru/app/j_art_1077.htm


обзор и историю вопроса подготовил, сейчас выправлю и выложу в альманах

ТОВАРИЩИ марксысты! товарищи физики!хватит жевать мочалки, так и растак!
физики, учите нелинейную динамику, надо помогать тов. Протеви ,он еще
молодой,его г-н диЛанда живьем пожрет!

товарищи лирики! та поможите же бороться за правильную философию, за
нашу,материалистическую"

товарищи бойцы! впереди берлин!

БИТВА В ПУТИ!

Пуденко Сергей сообщил в новостях
следующее:1263@vstrecha...
>
> > Новый исторический материализм - концепция 21 века, синтез усилий
> псоледних лет в сетевом международном сообществе
> >
> > Открытые неравновесные системы типа жизнь, общество,человек
> > Нелинейная динамика и история
> > Антропология нового материализма
> >
> ISBN: 0826479324
> Автор: DeLanda ( )
> Название: Intensive Science & Virtual Philosophy ( )
> Издательство: Continuum
> Классификация: Западная философия,
> Обложка: Paperback
> Страницы: 240 pages
> Вес: 0,00 кг.
> Дата издания: March 2005
> Описание: Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy cuts to the heart
of
> the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and of today's science wars. At the
> start of the 21st Century, Deleuze is now regarded as the most radical
> and influential of contemporary philosophers. Yet his work is widely
> misunderstood and misinterpreted. In this already classic work Manuel
> DeLanda does what the growing host of Deleuzians have falled to do -
he
> makes sense of Deleuze for both analytic and continental thought, for
> both science and philosophy.
> Дополнительное описание: Кол-во стр.: 240
> Формат: 198 x 129
> Дата издания: 2005
> Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка.



От Пуденко Сергей
К Пуденко Сергей (21.02.2006 16:54:16)
Дата 27.02.2006 15:13:46

Deleuze and Guattari's Philosohy of Expression temporaty file


Deleuze and Guattari's Philosohy of Expression

Brian Massumi



SURFACING (TOO LATE)



Is it possible to talk about expression without talking aesthetics? And is it possible to talk about aesthetics without talking beauty?

By and large, literary and cultural theory since structuralism has observed an embarrassed silence about all three. The terms, as commonly heard, especially the third, swing between two equally unsavory poles: the spontaneous outpourings of romantic individualism, and the tyranny of imposed judgments of taste. "Expression" and its fellow travellers are foregone, in favor of "production" (its own unsavory association, this time with functionalism, parried by the addition "of subjectivity").

Something, perhaps, is stirring in the state of theory. Over the last few years, the names Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari have crescendoed in the class-rooms and conference halls, making them the latest in a continuing series of great French names to pivot English-speaking academic discourse. After a long incubation beneath Lacan, Derrida, Baudrillard, and Foucault, they have surfaced. But has it sunk in that Deleuze has always unabashedly characterized his thought as a philosophy of expression? "The world," he has gone so far as to say, "does not exist outside of its expressions" (1993, 132). Or that in his final publication Guattari summed up his life's work as advancing "a new aesthetic paradigm"? (1995, chap. 6; see also Guattari, in this volume) This will take some processing. Expression, aesthetics ... perhaps ... but if we think fast maybe we can at least spare ourselves beauty. Velvet paintings are "beautiful." What do they have to do with art, or life?

Too late. In the opening salvo of this collection, Melissa McMahon, Steven Shaviro, and Stephen O'Connell sing the "b" word in chorus, in a series of interrelated essays. For Shaviro, the concept of beauty is the key to phasing Deleuze's thought from the modernist art and literature in dialogue with which it was developed to the "postmodern" world his contemporary continuers inhabit. The way in which this is accomplished is all-important for determining how expression and aesthetics play out: whether they fall back into their familiar vacillation between individual spontaneism and cultural imposition, and what their pragmatic reverberations will be.

From the outset, it is clear that a shift has occured, creating a sustaining breach for a new thinking of expression. Beauty, most often discussed in terms of a harmony of form reflected in the imagination, is referred by McMahon to something else. The determination of beauty, she argues, is temporal before it is reflective. If beauty concerns form in any fundamental way, it is a form of time. In a move bound to frustrate the expectations of many, McMahon relates the beautiful to a flattening out of moments (taking off from the Deleuze of the Cinema books). Time is no longer a progression to and from privileged points--beginnings, climaxes and ends--that give a priori order and a depth of personal or historical meaning to the course of things. In a time after destiny and progress, one moment is much like any other. There is no overarching standard by which to prefer any particular course from one moment to the next. All moments are moments without qualities, indifferently divisible and possibly connectable, as if laid out on a single surface of availability, indeterminate until a contingent encounter makes one moment stand out or fall out. When any-moments-whatever collide: the course of things follows. It is this open-ended process of contingent time-triage that McMahon identifies with beauty. Its medium is banality, understood as a time-form, in turn understood as a mode of availability, or presentation, from which things flow, in open-endedness. Moving and opening, beauty pertains to a process that takes empirical precedence over the existing of formed things and their narratively closable coursings. "Takes empirical precedence over form." Or is it: takes deforming precedence over the empirical? A tectonic shift, ungrounding the ground of aesthetic experience.

A deforming availability that makes things flow: sounds like Capital. Beauty is the concomitant in sensation of Capital as a condition of existence of the body before its things, in an indeterminate time, after destiny and progress.[1]

As Shaviro goes on to observe, the sublime has gotten much better pomo press than velvet and beauty. Typically, the genesis of the sublime is laid to a sensation of disproportion, as before the immensity of nature. Feeling senses something beyond its ken, something so overwhelming it fails, in fact, to feel it, no matter how hard it strives. The sublime is sensation at the point at which it can no longer be felt, and is therefore only capable of being thought: a concept without a sensation. The sublime experience is feeling transgressing its limit. For Shaviro, this is a quantitative cop-out from indeterminate time. The sublime of disproportion takes for granted the impotence of the traditional qualitative means of marking time in the face of Capital banality. Yet it reintroduces qualitatively privileged moments--derived, in the absence of any convincing metanarrative, from a quantitative disjunction. These new privileged moments may well be ungrounded, and confront the incommensurable rather than imposing a standard of valuation. But for Shaviro, their privileging smacks of nostalgia: sublime moments, as moments of transgression, have truck with transcendence. They are a beginning, climax and end rolled up in a single sparkling moment. So if the conditions no longer obtain for privileged moments to unravel following an ordered course, at least they can still be thought and desired as disorder: always already after the time of progress and before any-time-whatever, forever and paradoxically lurking in the "here and now." Indeterminate time then appears simply as a flattening out of transcendence. Its indeterminacy is a negativity: the down-time between the privileged moments when transcendence comes out of lurking. The sublime subverts progressive time, while skirting any-time, reduced to a lull.

The regime of the any-moment-whatever, McMahon emphasizes, is the time of modernity. Following this reasoning, Shaviro considers the thought of the sublime not as postmodern, but as a late modern reaction against modern time. For him, the postmodern is neither in reaction against nor transgressive of the modern. Instead, it is a tonic transformation of the modern from within. It could be said that is the affect of modernity: modern time assumed, as an affect(ation), a manner of being. The postmodern is modernity converted from a crisis to a mannerism (hence its affinity with the baroque). Assuming modernity as a manner of being means living in any-time without nostalgia, living the time after destiny and progress, sublime aside. This entails assuming a certain attitude of disinterest (in the immense, in the deep, in hand-wringing over crisis and paradox), the effect of which, ironically, is to affirm contingent encounter. In the time-after, everything is available, with nonchalance, as if laid out on a single surface. Everything, it seems, has already happened. So be it. "Access to excess ... even to the point of boredom." Pastiche. Mix and match. So be it. This affirmed indeterminacy is no longer simply a flattening out. It is also a power of combination, and as such creates the conditions for an art of unlimited encounter productive of a surface complexity: a complexity of interference generated by random encounters between ordinary, unprivileged presentations of the already-available. Interference is a process of immanence. It assumes no supplementary dimension, of inspiration, judgment, or rupture. From banality to complexity: the superficial emergence of the new. If the sublime was a concept without a feeling, beauty, writes McMahon, is a feeling without a concept. What is felt is the emergence of the new. Which cannot have been thought. For if it had been, it will have been predicted, and if it will have been, it won't be new.

All of this helps explain why Deleuze calls beauty the fourth dimension of time (1989, 95-97). First: present (here and now). Second: past (presents that have passed). Third: future (presents that will have come to pass). Fourth: too late. Everything has already happened, including the new. First, second, third already and all over again: availability and emergence.

Beauty, like the sublime, enfolds the dimensions of linear time. But it does so in banality, not in anxiety, and immanently rather than transcendentally. It is this immanence that affectively translates as "disinterest" or nonchalance, manners of being easily confused for lack of encounter and subjective estrangement: not a here and now, but an ubiquitous nowhere of whatever. If this is lack, it is only the lack of a supplemental dimension from which to judge or desire: the absolute (superficial) proximity of access to excess. "Disinterest" is the impossibility, in encounter, of separating the object from the subject--because the course of things follows. In other words, object and subject, in their mutual difference and reciprocal trajectories, are consequent to the encounter. It is they that are new, already and all over again. They emerge and re-emerge together, from transformation. The everything that has already happened is emergence, registered after its fact in a subject-object relation. Where there was classically and in modernity an external opposition between object and subject, there is now a double distinction internal to the transformation. 1) After-the-fact: subject-object is to emergence as stoppage is to process. 2) In-fact: "objective" and "subjective" are inseparable, as matter of transformation to manner of transformation (the two dimensions of Matter with a capital "M": matter-energy). Not the dumb fact of two distinct entities: a double generative distinction internal to a single material process.

The process is expression. The distinction is between the expressing and the expressed. The new expressionism derivable from a rethinking of beauty is not a spontaneist individualism, far from it: it is impersonal Matter that does the expressing. What is expressed is that which emerges from matter, after a manner, as the "subject" of the process (along with a reciprocal conversion of remnant matter into "objectivity"). Double ontological articulation (Deleuze/Guattari 1987, 40-45; Genosko).

This has nothing to do with imposed standards of taste. Beauty is radically tasteless. Even if beauty is immediately experienced as a judgment of value that posits itself as universal, that value, argues Shaviro, is incommunicable, precisely by virtue of its felt immediacy, and the "judgment," precursing as it does both its subject and its object, is non-cognitive, a "feeling without a concept": a singular universal, or felt absolute. Beauty may be tasteless. But it has attitude: the attitude of the absolutely in-process. Immanence.

The conclusion is not that subject and object are dead or abolished. Less apocalyptically, it will be said that their opposition follows the process. It is retrospective. It results when a participatory disinterest is replaced by an effect of distance from the process, viewed as if as if from a supplementary dimension. Distance occurs when the process, or a part of it, stops (as when a line of encounter exhausts itself). Or it may intervene in the process, as a particular form of self-interference where the course of the process is arrested or deflected by a part of itself, which then momentarily detaches from its line of encounter as a supplemental whole. Both of these things, gapping and supplementation, occur periodically, in syncopated rhythm. Judgment fills the distance, like an opportunistic infection of arrest. It may be a conforming judgment of taste (classical) or a nonconformist "critical" judgment (modern). Either way, it opportunistically returns, in arresting syncopation. This is entropy (processual exhaustion or stoppage) elevated to the status of a human faculty.

The processual rhythm modulated by judgment is already a modulation, in the plural. Not "a beat." "Beats": "an acoustical phenomenon resulting from the interference of two sound waves of slightly differenct frequencies ... heard as minute yet clearly audible intensifications of the sound at regular intervals" (Randell, 45). "Intensifications of the sound at regular intervals": a beat. The particular beat is an amplification contingent upon an encounter between unheard or less clearly heard waves, which are themselves regularly self-repeating lines of encounter. An encounter between lines of encounter. The particularity of the beat emerges from a shared non-specifity of the encountering self-repetitions: their interference (their participatory co-functioning on the same processual plane, their contingent belonging to each other). The beat stands out from that plane of contingent belonging, or multiple singularity, as an added rhythm of self-repetition. A beat is a salience, an over-beats, a derivative stand-out inseparable from the plane from which it derives, as a particular that is expressed over and above the generative multiple-singular expressing it. "With-over" would be better than "over and above," to more accurately reflect the derivative's status as an additive inseparability. Its inseparability is generative. Once a beat has been generated, it may enter into relation with others of its kind. And to the extent that it does, it separates (subtracts itself). Any judgment of contrast or similarity between particular beats occurs on a supplementary plane, of comparison subtracted from its generation, of separation subtracted from its belonging, of the already having happened separated from its under-way. After-the-fact. The derivative plane of judgment follows the plane of creative interference, of which it is an additive modulation (a modulation of modulation; see Evens and Murphie). But it can also lead back to it, its separation from the surface becoming an extension of it. Combine rather than compare two opposing beats, and you have the inseparability of interference again and, if the contingent conditions are right, a new generation of surface emergence in addition to the irreversible subtraction already accomplished: with-over all over again. Oscillation. Where waves are under way, judgment is in suspense, waiting for something, it does not yet know what, to emerge onto the plane of the comparison. Where judgment is, processual lines are in arrest. The imperceptible movement between the two planes is itself a rhythm, of inseparability and separation, feedback and irreversibility. The rhythm of existence, beats of life and death. The two planes or dimensions of existence, becoming and having-already-become (or "being" in its undecidable proximity to death) are in contingent belonging: in a mutual immanence enveloping all of the lines that emerge and return, in repeat creation.

In the definition of beats cited above, replace "two sound waves" by "whatever number of lines of encounter," "heard" by "felt," "of the sound" by "of being," "acoustical" by "ontological," and so on. All oppositional differences, including subject and object, and all judgment, and beyond judgment all dialectics, and even all diacritics, appear as secondary operations standing out from a multiply singular process. The process is that of existential amplification or intensification arising from the contingency of interference events. Opposition is a second-degree event upon event, a counter-event, a modulatory transformation of transformative modulations always already under way. "Difference," as widely understood in literary and cultural theory today, is a derived dimension of an open-ended processual multiplicity. It is a form of closure, of result, a having-been of becoming. "Difference" is a retro beat. It is the back-beat of repetition in creative expression: "difference" defined as a set of having-beens, judged from a comparative distance to be particular instances of the same becoming as opposed to other having-beens. The rhetoric of difference--in spite of (or because of)--its suspiciously modern-sounding protestations of radicality, only grasps the retro dimension of the postmodern process: the oppositional repetition of the same. It is late. But not too: late modern (like the return of the sublime accompanying rhetorics of difference).

Like subject and object, the classical and the modern are also not two distinct entities. They are planes or registers of a single process. Mutually immanent beats of collective existence. If, following Shaviro, the most enveloping plane of the process is termed the "postmodern," for lack of a better word, then the overall process cycles back into the classical, where it appears, in contraction, as a local condition. The postmodern is immanent to the classical as the local outbreaks of tastelessness that prevailing judgment needs to "arrest" in the name of good form (balance and harmony: the minimal supplementary movement consistent with entropy). The classical, in its turn, is immanent to the modern as the projection of balance and harmony into an age to end time, a utopian dialectical completion enabled, in the revolutionary mean-time, by the relentless application of critical judgment. The postmodern, once again, is immanent to the modern as its stubbornly open-ended time-form, persistently thwarting the all-too-classical completion of modernism's critical projection.

(Parenthetically, if beauty is a time-form, then an aesthetic is an abiding: a manner of abiding time and transformation; a manner of being in continuing becoming.)

If it is still possible, in view of all of this, to assign a period in linear history to the "fourth dimension of time" that is expressed as the postmodern aesthetic, it is so only superficially. The postmodern age is when the immanence of ages to each other comes out as a global condition, in a re-surfacing of process. Its aesthetic is an affectedly flattened manner of abiding immanence, after destiny and progress, the sublime and dialectics aside. An involved aside. For even transcendings of the process, gappings and supplementations and even incommensurabilities, return to the surface, to immanence. The exhaustions (of which the sublime is a special case) and the arrests repeat. They themselves string out in a line, of counter-encounter. Any supplemental wholes that may have formed feed back to become local conditions or constituent parts of the process. The whole, as a part, is engulfed, enveloped by an expanding surface composed of multiple interfering lines. The harmony of the whole returns to the surface from which it arose (see Evens, Murphie). As does anti-harmony: as when the sublime inexorably subsides into banality by dint of repetition (everything, including sublimity, having already happened, not once, but innumerable times, to the point of boredom). Form, its epiphany and its subversion, return, nonchalantly, to process.

The processual "surface" is all engulfing. It is active in and of itself. It is complex. In other words, it is a topological surface: of deformation and involution; of the availability of every thing, of every form, even the ages of humanity (and the reactions against them), to continuous transformation. Access to twisted excess.

Excess: although supplemental wholes feed back, following the manner of the overall process, there is an asymmetry to this involution. All of the ages may be immanent to each other, but only the overall process of the "postmodern" is also immanence in and of itself. The postmodern is the processual limit. That is, an inside limit: an "excess" of "access" is not a transgression, but a self-bordering taken to the extreme where it folds infinitely in on itself, so infinitely that it folds out at the same time. The processual limit is the internal envelope: a self-inning-out. Emergence in immanent return, of each and every formed thing to and from itself. This limit, as applied to each thing that emerges is what Guattari calls a "nucleus of expression" (1995 and in this volume). Applied to everything in its return, it is what Raymond Ruyer calls a "pure form" (infinite self-recursion, or "self-survey"; see Bains). It is a "pure" form because as a return from form, it is unexpressable as form. Pure form is the unexpressed of process. Process in itself. Where matter and manner meld. Absolute processuality, returning to before and thus, in addition, coming after the distinction between expressing and expressed. "Subjectivity" without a subject and, for that matter, in that manner, without an object.

Before and therefore after: if the postmodern is an always already too late (a pastness perpetually in the present, as opposed to a present that has passed), its immanent limit is downright untimely (a future-past: pastness superposed with an abiding futurity which, as such, will never come to pass). Not a time-form, but the "pure form of time," empty of any present, of whatever age: never actually presenting itself, on the side of a subject, in an object relation. Virtual: an empirically emptying recurring in addition to the actual emergence of the full to form (Bourassa; Murphie). In addition to: a supplementation. But one involving no primordial whole, dividing into no fundamental parts, wholeness folding into and out of fragmentation, in composition of a surface of transformative continuity, one-sided, asymmetrical, ontological twisting. A one with no whole: matter and manner as a boundless field of deformational transformation. Matter-energy.[2]

The internal envelope of becoming is the limitlessness of process: a negentropy immanent to entropy. The dialectical wholes which feed back "in the manner of" the overall process are simulations of this limitlessness, enclosed. They are the entropic expression of the negentropic. "Difference" can do nothing more than express this enclosure of expression, unless it is effectively fed back from wholeness and reconnected to the open process, in encounter with its own derivation. Difference twisted to witness its own emergent belonging to the multiple-singular under way. This processual self-reflection of difference is constitutive of the postmodern as a non-cognitive mode of knowledge. Not a distanced judgment on being, but the felt absolute of being many-fold a becoming ("contemplation" as defined by Deleuze 1994, 73-77 and by Deleuze/Guattari 1994, 211-213).





DRUSY



Even Kant notes the priority of process over form in aesthetic experience. Beauty, he says, is "drusy." Or more precisely, our interest in beauty is awakened by drusiness. What in the OED is "drusy"? A dusting of miniature crystals appearing on a surface: the sparkle of an appealing roughness that lures the eye to extend the hand. Although Kant does not explicitly comment upon it, this doubly returns us to process: once in the emergence of a surface disparity, and again in the relay from sight to touch. Emergence first:

Kant emphasizes that the appearance of crystalline forms does not proceed gradually, in good linear causal fashion. It is a gapping or "leap": a qualitative transformation that appears as a sudden discontinuity (1952, 218). Crystallization is an event befalling a fluid, due to internal tensions that the fluid had been carrying but had not yet expressed. The separation into solid and fluid states expresses internal tension, or self-interference, in the emergence of form. The expressed form is the past of the tension in the present, the past presented to perception as a disparity: the contrast between amorphous fluid and the rigidity it became on the surface. Not all of the fluid crytallizes. It underlies and fills the gaps between crystals, even though the conditions of its fluidity are no longer present. For example, in the case of ice, the water between ice crystals that have just formed is below freezing temperature. Yet it remains fluid, as if resisting its becoming. The unfrozen freezing water lingers as a memory of itself, stubbornly unexpressed in the fullness of form: an unformed pastness contemporaneous to the portion of itself that has passed into the present form that is its future destiny. The resistent fluid expresses lag: the uncaused, "empty form" of time, contentless differential of future-past, materialized as an anomaly within a disparity. In addition to the water that has crystallized in full form and the unbecoming water that resists the actual passing of the present by presenting the empty form of time, there is a second line of fluid transformation: water that escapes the fluid destiny of freeze time by directly vaporizing. The water-lag lies between two limits: the internalized limit of the ice crystals it bathes (access), and the enveloping limit of the mist (excess).[3] The co-functioning of these limits circumscribes the multiply singular event of the becoming of water, access to excess.

At this point, it is important to distinguish "internal" in a spatial sense from "immanent," which has only a processual sense, being too deformationally many-dimensioned to be spatial in any ordinary sense of the word. It is the internalized and enveloping limits taken together that are the "immanent" limit of water. The immanent limit is the superposition of states of extreme. These are abstractly sensible from every point of the process as attractors (by "abstractly sensible" is meant actually operative as tendencies). There is actually a third superposable extreme. It takes the form of a remaining, or processual remainder: the water-lag is fluidity at the limit of its staying power, where its being-fluid runs counter to its actual conditions, which are of becoming-solid. The anomalous in-between of the internal and enveloping limits is in its own impassive way a limit-state (on the anomalous as a limit-state, see Deleuze/Guattari 1987, 243-246). The three limits never actually coincide to form a single immanent limit. Their coincidence is virtual. In actuality, they unfold from or relay each other. It is this co-functioning of mutual envelopment and unfolding, immanently governed by the differential operation of virtual attractors, that goes by the name of complexity.

What qualifies this complex self-transformative event as "aesthetic" for Kant is that it befalls "independently of any guiding ends" (219). It is not for something outside of itself. It is entirely in and for its own process. What qualifies it as beautiful is this "autonomy" (220).[4] The drusy awakens our interest in beauty by signaling that a process of self-organizing self-differentiation has occured. It is not the drusiness that is beautiful, but the autonomy that it expresses.

This autonomy is a "subjectless (and objectless) subjectivity," paraphrasing Ruyer and Bains, that is expressed in the perception while remaining necessarily unexpressed in and of itself. This is because qualitative transformation is by nature imperceptible, always passing between perceptual encounters (entering perception as a leap settling into a disparity). Transformation is only accessible by induction. Induction should be taken here in the double sense of being available to cognition only indirectly, and of being inducible: being knowable directly only in the undivided encounter (in sensation). That means pragmatically, through experimentation integrally repeating the real conditions of the process's emergence. Experimentation draws on all aspects of the investigating body's sensibility, not just eye and cortex. It draws in the entire body, integrating its manner of proceeding into a participatory involvement with matter where, for at least a syncopated beat or two, the investigator is in too close a proximity to the process to maintain the distance enabling of cognitive subject-object relations. The definition of the object, in retrospective opposition to the subject, follows the experimentation; it is derived. As Bruno Latour has demonstrated, knowledge-encounter involves a creation of "hybrid objects" occupying a region of real indistinction between human subject and natural or artificial object.

The drusy, in awakening our interest in beauty, points us in the direction of a non-cognitive aesthetics: aesthetics as a kind of empiricism involving itself with real conditions of emergence, under-with cognitive conditions, or conditions of possibility (Deleuze 1994, 154, 231-232, 285; O'Connell). Drusiness points to the post-Kantian dimension in Kant, or what Deleuze will call a "superior empiricism" (1994, 56-57, 143-144).[5] What is "superior" about it is that subject and object integrate into a greater autonomy of participation, a matter-manner meld adding a new line of multiple-singular encounter to the world: that of a technic, an artificed between of any number of possible subjects and objects, autonomous of any given particular subject or object. This empiricism is "superior" because it is creative of reality. It adds to reality. It is a becoming of the world that is reciprocally a becoming-world of the subject and object ("devenir tout le monde," becoming "everything-and-everybody"; Deleuze/Guattari 1987, 279-280, 470, 473). The aesthetic, understood as an empiricism, is the addition of a dimension of processuality to the object that follows and of a higher degree of reality to the adjoining subject. This applies as much to science as to art, as pragmatics of experimentation. The shared participation of the arts and sciences in aesthetics necessitates a reassessment of what distinguishes them. Given their always-actually-mixed state, at what immanent limit do they return, each to itself, and virtually diverge? What are their never directly expressed "pure forms"? This reassessment is the project of Deleuze and Guattari's final collaboration (1994).

Further down the superior empirical road lie dissipative structures. Kant's thermodynamic reference was prescient. It vaguely prefigured the theory of self-organizing dissipative structures that would develop into contemporary chaos theory (Prigogine/Stengers 1984, Stengers 1997). This development was even more acutely prefigured by Deleuze in his discussions of the "chaosmos" in Difference and Repetition (57, 199, 299).[6] In his later work, Guattari developed his own highly original chaosmotic philosophy emphasizing the "autopoietic" character of expression, as impersonal worlding: self-organizing emergence and syncopated reemergence; auto-transformation in twisted contact with one's own conditions of reality-amplifying participation in the world (1995).[7]

Guattari would doubtless second Pessoa's proposition that the aesthetic experience is "dynamogenic" and involves the production of an "absolute continuum of depersonalization" (258): Latour's misleadingly named "hybrid object."[8] As Barbara McClintock put it, describing her scientific artistry:

The more I worked [with chromosomes], the bigger and bigger [they] got, and when I was really working with them I wasn't outside, I was down there. I was part of the system ... As you look at these things, they become part of you. And you forget yourself. The main thing is that you forget yourself. (cited in Root-Bernstein, 9)[9]
Guattari would probably also agree with Pessoa that this depersonalization is one with the imagination (Pessoa, 230). The imagination is the manner of subjectless subjectivity in continuity with matter, at its first effloration in expression: at its precise point of emergence out of itself, into perception, by way of sensation.[10] The beautiful, in this view of aesthetics, is the incipient perception of the vitality of matter, its dynamogenic "strength" or "force" (Pessoa, 254-255). Beauty is ontogenetic force at its newest, and most directly knowable, in a worlding integrally experienced in the suddenness of a leap into being, contracted into an in-between of qualitative transformation. Contracted: in intensity. In intensity: and depersonalized. "Disinterested," because at this level there is not yet a subject in which interest in the beautiful can be drusily awakened.

Even in its simplicity and pre-far-from-equilibrium quaintness, Kant's example of drusiness can serve as a model for dynamogenic expression, or autopoiesis. The freezing of the water was a singular event or qualitative "leap" that was no less multiple for being singular. In the event, water autonomously underwent a self-differentiation into a number of distinct lines of encounter, or processual dimensions. Each dimension (crystal, mist, water-lag) had its own consistency and time-form. Each was also a limit-state whose virtual superposition described the overall process, immanently determining the multiple dimensions of concurrent divergence as belonging to a single process. The internal limit was a becoming-solid-form (which under other conditions might be a sedimentation rather than a crystallization). The enveloping limit was a vaporization, or a becoming-molecular. And the in-between was a limit of staying-power, water too late to be what it nonetheless is, and as such, as much a reserve of becoming-solid, looming like destiny, as a remainder of fluidity. The "ages" of water. Striation, escape, and smoothness. Smoothness: an interval of indecision in a necessary becoming-other; a being in potential (understood following Agamben as a paradoxical staying-power, a power to not-be what actual prevailing conditions make-be; 1993, 35-36).

Every actual formation has at least these three limits, or limits analogous to these, which in their simultaneous superposition and divergence define its ages. This is a peculiar kind of "definition," because it is open-ended, the ages perpetually returning to and relaying each other in mutual interference. The process from which the actual formations emerge is limited and unbounded. What the limits define, in their differential immanence to each other, is an unbounded field of continuous topological--or better topo-ontological--transformation. It would be a mistake to align given actual formations in one-to-one correspondence to the internal, enveloping, and in-between limits (for example, the classical, modern and postmodern respectively). First, the limits themselves vary from formation to formation. For example, the "internal" limit of the modern is a fluidity, a smoothing and potentialization, rather than a crystallization. This limit, the postmodern, is itself defined by a complex of superposed limits, including an internal limit of its own: potentialization or staying-power taken to such an extreme that nothing ever happens any more (the rhetoric of the "end," of history in particular, is a confused sensing of this limit, which is never actually reached). The situation is far too complex for simple correspondences.

Since the limits are in continual transformation, there is a continually renewed need for experimentation in order to gauge them. This is the evaluative aspect of superior empiricism.[11] The continual necessity of evaluating limits constitutes the ethical dimension of the aesthetic. Guattari hyphenated his paradigm as the "ethico-aesthetic" (a phrase taken up as the subtitle of the English translation of Chaosmosis). Evaluation is ethical, rather than simply cognitive, because the inductive investigations of the subject re-involve it in the ontogenesis in which it is interested, yielding a continuum of depersonalization setting the stage for a new emergence. The way in which the interest awakened by the beautiful is pursued has pragmatic consequences for the subsequent unfolding of the process under exploration. Investigation deflects. Ethics is the art of processual deflection of the ages. The ethical is thus inseparable from the political, which then concerns ontology before ideology. This is an ontology that is in turn more concerned with involutions of becoming (immanent participation) than with the evolution or progress of beings (which in any event follow). It is along these lines that Deleuze speaks of conducts of time that immanently envelop the subject of knowledge in the same movement as the subject's experimentation develops or unfolds them as an object of ethico-aesthetic knowledge (Foreword to Alliez 1996, 7).

Another lesson of water is disparity. As the self-organization leaps into being or unfolds, the differential ages of process actualize as different regions of space (on the distinction between generative differentiation and the differenciation it generates, see Murphie). This means that they are never actually in topological continuity. The movement of involution is arrested with the emergence of form. Crystal is no longer in contact with mist. They are no longer available to each other. The fluid is in contact with both. But asymmetrically: its conditions determine it to lean toward ice. The actual regions of the process are struck by an ineradicable disparity of contact and availability. This irreversible disparity is compounded by the fact that one region will actualize the process more fully than another. In the case of freezing water, that region was the laggardly fluid, which remained for a moment in an in-between state mimicking the time-form of processuality, or the virtual (pure future-past). Actualized processuality is potential. Potential is always concentrated in a particular region of actuality. Every self-organizing system envelops an endemic disparity in potential in the difference between its regions. Some regions will no longer be in contact with the actual reserve of potential. These will dissipate, or solidify, or be easily engulfed by a more potentialized region of a different system altogether (capture). Capture is a usurping arrest of involution. In capture, a region of expression becomes fodder for another system, which annexes or ingests it into an alien process, where it is reprocessed to serve as a ground or energy source.[12]

The appearance of systemic disparities is the emergence of power. Every actual formation is a power formation, and every ethico-aesthetic evaluation must take this into experimental consideration. It is an illusion to think, for example, that since the postmodern is a time-form of infinite availability that it actually affords equal access (the rhetoric of the "end" of power). It is equal access only virtually, in the purity of its form (which, like every pure form, is perpetually unexpressed: a virtual attractor governing a limit-state). Even in its fullest expression, the postmodern is a globalization of localized or regional disparity. It may seem contradictory to refer to the virtuality of power, if power is an asymmetry characterizing the plane of the expressed, or of actual form. But if a disparity endures--repeats itself, reemerges at a regular beat--it is because the actual form of the disparity has become a process. It has fed back. It becomes-virtual, in return. It recurs as the regenerative kernal of a nucleus of expression. It has become a subjectless subjectivity, or abstract machine (Angel, Haghighi, Murphie).

The most virulent and enveloping expression of processualized disparity is, of course, the capitalist relation. Capital is a form of power in and of itself, even (especially) abstracted from actually existing capitalist formations.[13] Capital is the pure form of ontological disparity in its most global expression. It is the global arrest of the involution it itself accelerates, in a different and complementary twist, as a time-form presenting infinite-in-principle availability. Capital is the power-form of the time-form of the aesthetic that is the postmodern. The superposition of its two limit-states--globalized disparity and access-to-excess, expressed by its power-form and time-form respectively--are the "logic" or processual definition of capital, its immanent limit.[14]

The politics of experimentally perturbing the abstract machine of capital, in such as way as to skew the imbalance it expresses in capitalist formations toward the limit-state of access and excess, is what Guattari calls communism (Guattari/Negri). Communism, in its aesthetic dimension, is the extraction of processual beauty from capitalism, so that beauty is no longer only capital's concomitant in sensation but also, in involutionary addition to that, in another synchronous age, an irreversible escape from its disparities. Virtual communism: the abstract machine of escape from recurrent capitalism. Guattari's (and Negri's) communism differs from traditional Marxisms in construing revolution as an immanent conversion of capitalism rather than an oppositional overturning or dialectical overcoming of it (after the manner of Deleuze's immanent conversion of the thinker he termed his worst "enemy," Kant; Deleuze 1995, 6). Only this approach to communism takes into adequate consideration capital's power of recurrence, or its status as an abstract machine that does not coincide with or exhaust itself in any particular capitalist formation or period. Reciprocally, it is the only approach that attempts to give communism a power of recurrence equal to that of capitalism.

Guattari's theory is the reinvention of communism as a processual "age," or top-ontological rhythm of "depersonalized" (worlded) qualitative transformation. The political synomym of "depersonalized" is "collective." Communist collectivism is a becoming-(of the)-world, a differential becoming-(of)-everything-and-everybody, in intense mutual belonging unbounded by the disparities attendent upon the capitalist relation. This is not to say that it is without any limits, or that it is an equalization or harmonization. Imbalance, tension and disparity are endemic to becoming. Without them, world-process would wind down to an entropic end.[15] The ethical issue, then, is less equality than what forms of disparity are induced to return. The recurrent disparity consonant with communism is neither the capitalist relation nor oppositional difference. It is social differential, actualized in the untimely manner of a lag: socialized potential. The communist movement is the experimental reconversion of already-emerged differences into social differentials operating at a skew to the capital relation, or the superposed power-form of the very same differential.[16] Communism is the repotentialization of existing differences, recharged with the staying power to not-be what they capitalistically are, in order to rebecome in addition to remaining (in divergent but mutually accessible regions or planes of actuality).

This is the drusy beauty of Guattari's anomalous understanding of communism: communism as the amplification of disparity in additive differentiation and skew trajectory. The self-organizing of self-diverging differences into co-regenerating planes of collective belonging to the same multiple-singular becoming-(of the)-world. No waiting life-times for capitalism to crumble. No pretending you can just step beyond it by dint of grim critical thinking or easy cynicism, as if everything and everybody in the world weren't in some way irreversibly marked by it. The beauty of Guattari's communism is the becoming-perceptible, now and in lag, of dynamogenic potential, actualized as an expanding region of being-increasingly-different-together.[17] The hope would be that at a certain threshold of proliferation the skew social trajectories might swamp and collectively disable the capitalist relation they parasitize, inheriting the boundless body of their host. Becoming unbounded, in this world. Without transcension or transgression. But not without limits (nothing can happen without limits). Rather: through a parasitic reinvention of the limit-state, in such a way as to make it sustainable and vitally expansive, collectively liveable. This is perhaps the "becoming" Mani Haghighi appeals to in the name of a postmodern politics of "simulation" in immanent encounter, not with capital but with an altogether different abstract machine, that of Islamic "neo-archaism." Guattari's creative "aging" of communism, at any rate, is the mechanism by which his vital interest in it, and Deleuze's associated reluctance to recant his Marxism (1995, 171), weathered the widely proclaim "end" of communism after the fall of the Soviet Union (which, of course, was anything but communist by this definition).

It is worth noting that the same political process that is expressed in Guattari's work as "communism" can also express itself in the form of an anarchism. This occurs when the focus for immanent conversion is an associated expression of virulently recurrent disparity: the State-form, or the eternal return of institutionalized hierarchy (Dean and Massumi). The State-form is an abstract machine of capture (Deleuze and Guattari 1987, 424-473) in intimate differential coupling with, but in no way reducible to, the abstract machine of unequal access-to-excess that is capital. The irreducibility of the power-form of the State to the power-form of capital necessitates an experimental conduct of politics that is additive, in the sense of a pragmatics of mutual supplementation. The mutual supplementation, of course, need not (should not) stop with communism and anarchism. Anywhere there is a recurrent disparity of processual access, there is a need for a politics of expression focusing on its immanent conversion (gender and feminism; racism/ethno-centrism and postcolonial politics; heterosexism and queer theory; to the name the most salient). An approach of this kind values the potential belonging-together-in-creative-tension of diverging, self-differentiating political expressions, over the crystallized differences or actual oppositions that inevitably accompany their unfolding. The Guattarian approach is non-judgmental and radically inclusionary, yet steadfastly anti-harmonic. It is this ethico-aesthetic of equal-access self-differential potential that Isabelle Stengers has termed "cosmopolitics" (1996-1997).





SOFT COGITO OF THE IMAGINATION



Beauty, it has been argued, is the presentation in perception, and the concomitant in sensation, of an encountered worlding, or ontogenetic process. But when we sense beauty, we perceive it to be a property of a formed object. We call things beautiful. What is a thing judged beautiful, reevaluated from the point of view of beauty as a process?

It is the impossibility of painting this. That is what I feel when I see a velvet painting. An alienness and an impossibility.

Can this be?

If it didn't exist, I wouldn't feel its impossibility. This beautifully tasteless thing that impinges upon me. So close that it positively hurts my eyes. Yet from so far away, no matter how hard I try, I just can't fathom how or why it could possibly be. A verified impossibility. Verified by my uncomprehending sensing of it.

This is difference, as actually encountered. Otherness: the being of a sensed impossibility.

Everything differs from us, and it is for this reason that everything exists. (Pessoa, 223)
It is not just velvet painting. It is every thing. Every thing, however banal, is, and is beautiful, insofar as it is a bearer of otherness (that) and impinges (this).

If there was an aesthetic "cogito," this-that would be it. But it is a "cogito" that is a "sentio": I feel. Although it is "I" who feel, the existence the feeling verifies is not "mine." It is immediately the world's. "I feel, therefore everything is." Everything that is felt is: that. Differs. Which is why I also am, in this feeling. The world and I exist, in difference, in the encounter. In the feeling. Being is in sensation.[18]

If being is in sensation, the sensation is not in the "I" who feels. The I is in the sensation, with the world. I and the world follow the encounter. "The given is [not] given to a subject; it is the subject that is constituted in the given" (Deleuze 1991, 87; translation modified).

The "topo-ontological" surface referred to earlier is an abstract surface of encounter, or impingement. Impression. Sensation. The softness of being. Otherwise known as the imagination: the vague perception of the world and I emerging together in sensation, differentially unfolding from a contraction in it. The surface of sensation is "abstract" because if things and I emerge from it, in itself it cannot be any thing, any more than it can be in me. It is all and only in the encounter. Which in itself is in nothing. For it is the in-which, contraction (the actual immanence of process).

The impingement is given. Cognition follows. It is tweaked into being by the encounter. This thing! This beautifully impossibly tasteless thing. This pain in the eye. Where did it come from? How can it be? What do I do now? Laugh? Critique? Buy iridescent paint?

No imagination without innervation. (Benjamin, 75)
The beauty of the thing hits like a force launching a line of thought. Beauty impells thought. It compells thought. It is thought, contracted into the encounter, prior to its differentiation from sensation. All aesthetics is aesthetics of force (Deleuze 1981, 39-43; Bogue; Smith 42-43; O'Connell; Dale; Bourassa).

To think is to have a pain in the eye. (Pessoa)
What the pain translates into sensation is distance. The thing, in its absolute impinging proximity to me, envelops an imponderable distance. It's here. It came from somewhere. But I don't know where or how. The sense of "impossibility" is the "I don't know where or how." It is a relative impossibility: a difficulty of access. I don't have access to the distant region of being that this thing brings enveloped in its arrival. The thing arrives as a roughness, an unevenness of being indicative of regions of existence out of contact with mine. It is drusy. A disparity luring the eye to the extend the hand. The impossibility of the velvet painting is now converting before my very eyes into a "possible world," a region of being I can reach into. I can extend my hand and touch the fluff, convert its roughness into the softness of a reciprocal caress. I can buy it, in the hope that it will bring the distance it envelops into my home, where it will begin to belong to the region of my being. I could even research the production of velvet painting. Meet the artist. Maybe learn how to do it myself. Get inside the head of the velvetine "other."

Or I can simply walk away and leave the thing in its abject difference. Where it in any case remains. You never get right inside the head of the other. There is always at least a kernal of residual impossibility, absolute impossibility. The impossible recedes, like a horizon, never sets, like a sun. But as it recedes, other regions of the world appear.

The beautiful is an invitation to experiment and explore (often declined, its force absorbed by entropy). This invitation is consciously staged in the installations of multi-meida artist Mathew Jones (O'Connell). The braille lettering on the walls of the gallery compels the viewer's caress. The roughness of braille, incomprehensible to the sight, lures the touch, even of those who cannot read it. The body of the viewer is drawn into the art by the finger-tips. The rest of the body follows the fingers, yielding new sensations as it shuffles after the trail of braille. Movement, shuffled sounds of movement, serially unfolding perspectives, depth. Seeing, touching, hearing, proprioception. Congeries of sensings. Synaesthesia.

The pain in the eye envelops congeries of nonvisual sensings. The sensible surface of the aesthetic object's impingement is, in implication, transvisual. Sight is merely the sense of invitation: the first to be hit by distance. The surface of sensation does not just contract thought (how can it be?) into sensation (it is!). It contracts tactility into vision, and movement into tactility, and hearing into movement, and all of them into proprioception. Aesthetic sensation is thoroughly synaesthetic (see Lamarre). As thought unfolds from the sensitive encounter, the senses unfold from each other. The invited exploration is a co-functioning divergence of differentiating lines of further encounter, in the course of which an impossible world actually expresses itself in a becoming-possible by degrees.[19] Language and conscious thought (and its varieties, judgment and critique) are just one (many) of the world's lines of expression.

"Further" encounter. "Distance." "Depth." The immediately proximate topo-ontological surface of sensation comprises distance and depth. Distance and depth are creatures of the surface. They unfold from it, in furtherance of the encounter. They are processual continuations of the surface. They are in the twist of it. Otherness is the presentation of a twist in becoming. An implex, complexly unfoldable into any number of differentiating lines.[20]

This is what it is have a body. To sense otherness. To have depth (Dale). To be depth. To feel a twist in becoming, like a force of invitation to further being. To be that ever-renewed invitation. The body is processual depth--a reserve of potential lines of encounter contracted into the surface of sensation. Sensation is not in the body. The depth of the body is on the surface of sensation. Sensation is the outside in-which that is in nothing but itself. When we think of sensation as being "in" the body, what we are apprehending is a "vertical" dimension of implex lines of potential encounter with otherness. We can move "horizontally" along the surface of sensation following lines of encounter leading into regions unknown to us, whose possibility is just beginning to unfold. Or we can "vertically" revisit sensations that have already been. The body is the reserve of the having-been-in-this-region-of-becoming of sensitive encounters. The body is processual memory. Memory is not an internal faculty of the human. It is a rhythm of recursion to the outside surface, reaccess to the already having-been-felt and -unfolded toward otherness. Memory is a self-referential rhythm of return to the outsideness of sensation: synaesthetic processual self-reflection reaccessing reserves of alterity. It is a rhythm of folding-back-onto-itself of a pattern of exploration linguistically indexed by "I."[21]

It is on the level of language that sameness is attributed to this rhythm of recursion. It is the habit of "I" to say "this," the habitual coupling of the first-person pronoun with a deictic in a recurring pattern, that identifies the roving region of reaccess as the same body, my body. Under-with this identification in language, the body remains self-difference. For reaccess is different from access. An impingement folding back on itself is not the same as an impingement arriving. Processual self-reflection is the repetition of the body's difference from "I." And from itself, as it has been. Under the aegis of a repetition of the same: a continuation of self-differentiation. Under-with language, the body is a processual return to self-alterity--a "pure form," a "subjectless subjectivity," an "abstract machine," the virtual kernal of a "nucleus of expression."

Even on the level of language, it is crucial to note that identification is not with someone or something else. It is a linguistic expression of self-reference. That is why psychoanalytic models of process as transference are false starts (Guattari), as are theories of mimickry or imitation (Genosko, Murphie)--any analysis that locates process in extrinsic resemblance between already existing things. In her contribution to this volume, Bracha Lichtenberg-Ettinger undertakes the difficult task of the immanent conversion of Lacanian theories of transference, in encounter with Deleuze and Guattari.

As sensed, bodily depth is potential (the presentation in "I-other" disparity of divergent lines of encounter). In perception, bodily depth is possibility (lines of encounter unfolding in synaesthetic exploration doubled by linguistic expression). What is impressed as potential is expressed as possibility: what infolds unfolds; what implexifies complexifies. Impingement presents these two dimensions: the only-felt of the implex, and the about to be thought-out of the complex.

Artaud's "theatre of cruelty," as analyzed by Catherine Dale, is the "vertical" exploration of bodily depth in its only-felt dimension of potential. The conversion Artaud works is of language back into sensation. Words impinge upon him in the manner of things. What their impingement invites are breaths and howls and their gestural doubles, expressing language as it can only be felt, not understood. The expressions go nowhere, but back in, in eddies inducting the audience into the performed body, in an expanding and intensifying circle of sensational self-recursion. Artaud's "cruelty" is to collectively express the body as the subjectless subjectivity that it always is, in the depth of its processual vitality: to make it pure form, a "body without organs." This is a cruelty that has nothing to do with sadism. Like the identification it reconverts, it is self-referential. Artaud returns the body to the twist of its own becoming. To the otherness "within" (under-with identification). His theatre presents the deformational dimension of the body's vitality as its immanent limit (see also Deleuze 1981). Alan Bourassa explores the same dimension in his analysis of the immanent outside of language and the limits of the "human."

Artaudian "depth" is an important complement to the thinking of the surface in many popular models of the postmodern. In itself, postmodern pastiche, cut-up, the mix and match of recombinant art and thought, only goes so far. Recombination, no matter how perverse, leaves everything much as it was. The recombination is additive, productive of a supplementary surface dimension. The forms from which the combined parts have detached persist in other regions. It is in the sensation accompanying the pastiche that something happens. The becoming is in the intensity of the sensation--in the interference. If more far-reaching change is to occur, it is in a contagion of interferential intensity disseminating across the surface. It is sometimes useful to figure intensity as "depth." It is more accurately a folding of the surface (as in O'Connell) or a rising to the surface of the "ground" (as in McMahon's opening quote from Deleuze).[22] Standard spatial metaphors are simply inadequate to grasp the processually twisted figure of the topo-ontological surface. It doesn't much matter whether you use them, or if you do, which way you go. As Guattari says, in the aesthetic paradigm "everything works." What matters is to what effect you use whatever works for you. That is the "ethico-" of the "-aesthetic."

Just as Artaud's cruelty has nothing to do with sadism, so Pasolini's epiphany of self-crucifixion has nothing to do with masochism. Pasolini's art, as analyzed by Michael Hardt, also concerns potential, and returns sensation to the body (returns sensation to itself) through a practice of intensification. But Pasolini does not probe the depths of potential, like Artaud. Nor does he, like Mathew Jones's installation experiencer, spin it out horizontally along exploratory lines of possibility already (vaguely) perceived, just beginning to be thought-out.[23] Pasolini leaves potential right where it is: on the surface. He intensifies the anomaly of potential: its affirmative power to not-be. He gives sensation's dimension of potential staying-power by actualizing bodily recursion not as further encounter, but as remainder. It all returns, and remains. Right here, between the vertical and the horizontal (the cross). Between sensation as passion (Artaud) and sensation as thought-perception in action (Jones). Between life and death. Between dead meat and halo. Here, in pain, frozen potential incarnate. Pasolini directly expresses his anomaly by "exposing" his "inactuality" (Agamben, 44), his remaindering, his flesh-lag. Pain is the fleshly expression of staying-power: the non-resolution of the tension that is flesh-potential. Pasolini's pain, and his lag, is his being the atheist irresistably compelled to imitate Christ. Christ in return, and irrevocably abandoned. The atheist on the cross: nothing could be more intensely superficial than that. Here is a contagious alternative to depth for the postmodern aesthetic: the intensification of the surface as such. But to operate on this surface, you don't need scissors. You need nails. Pasolini is not the only artist who uses a hammer. "I want a nailing of the body," declares Francis Bacon (Sylvester, 78).

The ocular-centrism of Pessoa's formula for the arrival of thought-in-sensation ("to think is to have a pain in the eye"), and of Shaviro's related formula for the postmodern aesthetic ("beauty lies in the eye"), is only apparent. It is just that it is in vision that distance hits first. In that sense, vision has a certain priority. But it is of a different kind than the widely, and rightly, critiqued dominance of the visual in Western culture. In fact, it is an escape route from ocular-centrism. Here, being-ocular is a starting point of a cascade of transvisual communication and differentiation. The pain in the eye delivers the body to synaesthesia. The pain is an expression of potential, the actual co-presentation of virtual limit-states or attractors. In ordinary exploratory circumstances, the tension of potential resolves itself in an unfolding differentially governed by the superposition of limit-states. That unfolding is a tendential diverging-together of different sensory lines of encounter. Retrospectively, the lines of encounter are perceived by the subject that follows the unfolding to have been in the hit of potential all along.[24] The retrospective perception of possibility is the recursive unfolding into thought of sensation. It is as thought that sensation enters language, understood as a technic for the collective stockpiling of already-explored possibility. That is: that which will have been felt-possibility (sensation-in-thought) and was on impact only-felt impingement (thought-as-sensation) perceptually unfolds in a chain of action and reaction in-mixing the now actively extended and self-differentiating sensation with socially-induced habits and socially-enforced conventions that gear-shift it onto the plane of language, in its narrow Saussurean sense of a system of arbitrary paradigmatic and syntagmatic phonemic convention stockpiling socially-recognized possibility in signifier-signified couplings.[25] Artaud explores the necessity of language: of its return to sensation, in descent toward the unthought. The road to conscious reflection runs along "horizontal" lines of thought-differentiation away from the immediacy of sensation toward the socially arbitrary of language as the system of possibility.

That was a long "that is." The main point is that the eye invites the hand to extend. Being-ocular is the processual starting point of a becoming-tactile. Becoming-tactile is the "first" processual step in becoming, after the being-dominant of having seen. Becoming-tactile has a priority in the becoming-other of sensation that is analogous to controversial priority assigned by Deleuze and Guattari to becoming-woman in the becoming-other of Man (understood as the abstract machine of the "major," or the pure form of crystalized human disparity).[26] The order of the becoming of Man, according to Deleuze and Guattari, is becoming-woman, followed by becoming-animal, followed by becoming-mineral, followed by becoming-molecular, followed by becoming-imperceptible. The analogous order of the becoming of sensation is becoming-tactile, becoming-aural, becoming-proprioceptive, becoming-synaesthetic, and becoming-imperceptible. This should not be misunderstood to imply that there is any resemblance whatsoever between the corresponding terms of the co-diverging series. The "analogy" is processual, concerning intensities rather than properties of formed things: the corresponding "terms" are comparable degrees of deviation or deterritorialization from their respective dominants. The "orders" of becoming are nothing more than expressions of the relative accessibility of a certain transformative intensity or potential, given the powers of capture exerted by Man and by ocular-centrism respectively. Becoming-woman and becoming-tactile are "first" in the sense that women and touch occupy the existential regions most closely neighboring their respective major state, by the major's own paranoid definition of its perimeters (this is why women and touch are confusedly associated with each other in so many majoritarian cultural expressions, as if they did resemble each other in some way or entertained a priori relations with one another). Women and touch are defined as so intimately neighboring their majors that they almost inevitably overlap with them (hence the need for men to constantly prove to themselves and each other that they aren't womanly; and the almost irresistable reflex for sight to extend into touch). The overlap makes the major more available to immanent conversion by the "priority" (most closely dominated) becoming. Becoming-imperceptible figures as limit-state of both processual series because it is the immanent limit of life itself. It is in the abstract vitality of becoming-imperceptible--vitality outside any particular, actually-existing vital formation--that all processual lines virtually converge (matter-as-energy; evolution in involution).[27] At the mutual immanent limit, there is no "order" (except of superposition).

At the limit, forms of being materially overlap. Forms are fuzzy Matters. That is why animals and becomings-animal are a repeated concern of this volume (O'Connell, Genosko, Bourassa, Murphie). Alan Bourassa touches on animality in his inventive investigation of the limits of the human, in the course of which Deleuze and Guattari encounter other thinkers of the "outside" not-beyond: Agamben, Blanchot, Foucault, and Levinas. Gary Genosko discusses nonhuman expression at length, following the tracks of Deleuze and Guattari's most prominent ethological interlocutors, the fabled bower-bird and mysterious cosmic lobster. His informative investigations convincingly illustrate why Deleuze and Guattari refuse to draw a strict line of demarcation between instinct and expression, artist and animal.[28] The hand, as they say, is but a deterritorialized paw. (Deleuze/Guattari 1987, 172) Genosko (and Angel in a different context) establish the all important connection between territory and expression (only broached in passing in this essay, in the treatment of the emergence of differenciated "regions" of being).





INTRODUCTION



The "priority" of becoming-tactile is attested to in this collection by the frequency with which analyses of touch and figures of hands recur (O'Connell, Abou-Rihan, Bains, Angel, Lichtenberg-Ettinger, Lamarre, Murphie, Massumi).

Fadi Abou-Rihan's essay hinges most integrally on hands. He critiques Deleuze's penchant for imaging the process of philosophy as an erotic approach from behind, a kind of "assfuck" begetting a "monstrous offspring" (Deleuze 1995, 6). Monstrous or no, for Abou-Rihan the image is still too organismic, too tied to whole organisms, to hierarchies between identified wholes, to notions of reproduction. Not autonomized enough. He proposes to take Deleuze's proudly perverse image of homoerotic "becoming-woman" to the next degree of deterritorialization, switching lines of becoming from the organic-form series (Man, woman, animal...) to the partial-object series (eye, hand ... ). He suggests an alternative image of theory, chosen for its role in contemporary queer practices whose conduct is as immediately political as it is erotic. From the visibility of full form to tactility engulfed in the darkness of the anus: fisting. In fist-fucking, the gender, sexual orientation, and identity of the participants do not figure in the same way as in heterosex or gay anal sex. Hands and anuses are indifferent to gender, and the practice of fisting cuts across orientations. The aim, however, is not to deny gender or sexual orientation. It is to supplement it with a co-functioning escape from it, in a way that reproblematizes it, forces it to be addressed anew. Is a lesbian still a lesbian if she fists with men? The question of gender and sexual orientation returns with a new twist, on an ethical and political level accompanying the ethics and politics of fisting as an autonomous process. The politics of fisting as such is anti-hierachical. "Top" and "bottom" lose their sense, especially when two hands clasp inside the anus, which in turn clasps them, blurring the boundary between activity and passivity, as well as undoing the very duality of sex by making part-object coupling a tripling (two hands plus sphincter). The line of becoming eddies (eye, hand ... hand-hand), closing in on itself to form a self-clasping plateau of erotic intensity, clasped again by a tightly active environment leaving no room for identity. The self-clasping, plateauing of the part objects registers the autonomy of the process as it follows its own erotic count, unsubordiated to "the organization of the organs" (Artaud). As autonomous, the three-way coupling couples with other "couplings" and non-reproductive multiplyings of connection: it forces thought, begs to be integrated into questionings of gender and orientation, as they figure in larger-group politics. (Autonomy, as always, is an autonomy of connection.) Abou-Rihan's deterritorialization of Deleuze's erotic image of philosophy is designed to renew the connection of theory to other spheres of activity. This is not a harking back to the old problem of the relation of "theory" to "practice." What Abou-Rihan does instead is to make the theory of theory immediately a practice, through its direct image-connection with a complex outside. Queer theory is the "innervating" (Benjamin) maintenance of this immediate connectibility of intellectual production to its own ever-shifting, active environment.

Lichtenberg-Ettinger establishes the necessity for visual art of escaping the dominance of the eye. In her theory and artistic practice, the eye moves into the "matrixial" space of relation, the generative in-between of subjects and objects. The interval of relation becomes the focus of the gaze, "hollowed" of its content. In the terms suggested in the present essay, this "eroticization" of the eye involves the gaze following tactility into the synaesthetic in-between of vision and proprioception (in its relation to gesture). It is following this displacement that painting can become the technic of memory Lichtenberg-Ettinger wishes to make it. In turn, it is by becoming-memory, in the sense discussed, that visual art can effectively render the pure, hollow form of the body in its own medium (as opposed to embodying full visual form, or content, in the medium of the canvas). Synaesthesia is a process of "hypermnesis." It is "an overall sensation in which the thing remembers itself" (Cytowic, 24).[29] It is a memory of the world as it unfolds as relation. Lichtenberg-Ettinger recreates visual art as an autopoietic memory of the world.

Thomas Lamarre also explores the non-representational in-between of vision and gesture in his analysis of Japanese calligraphic poetry. He uses this in-betweenness, explicitly theorized in terms of synaesthesia, to problematize the cultural and geopolitical limit between "East" and "West." Like Haghighi, he argues that cultures and geopolitical formations are best understood as unbounded. Rather than enclosures, they are differential participations: in a single-multiple process of mutual divergence. This does not mean that cultural and geopolitical differences are unreal, or that there are no boundaries. Only that the boundaries, and the rivalrous differences they circumscribe, are derived: not causes, but processual results or effects; not the expressing, but the expressed. The logic of their emergence and recurrence is missed entirely unless it is understood that in their dynamogenesis they pertain to limits more vitally than boundaries, and that all limits are ultimately immanent (as is all causality).

---
От Пуденко Сергей
К Пуденко Сергей (27.02.2006 15:13:46)
Дата 27.02.2006 15:18:35

Re: Deleuze and...

For Maria Angel, the becoming-other-together of Man and sensation runs up
against a shared obstacle: the face. The face is the rehumanized
surface of eye-hand coordination. The becoming-digital of vision and the
becoming-machine of the keyboard-fingering human converge on the same abstract
surface: the (inter)face. And there they stop. They are bounced back into an
eddy of smarmy humanism by, to take an ubiquitous example, the smiling-computer
icon that leers out of every Mac while the machine is whirring away behind the
screen, working its inhumanly digital, invisible magic.

[30] Similarly, the becoming-alien of Man is bounced back off
the surface of Mars in the perceived face appearing in NASA photographs. Here,
the face is the rehumanized surface of earth-space probe coordination. In every
case, where exploration seems inexorably to lead to a becoming-other of Man, the
face intercepts. This occurs most recurrently and with the most lasting effect
with the infant, whose incipient eye-hand coordination, first practiced while
suckling, is indexed to the caregiver's face in its perceptual disparity and
actual distance from the bottle or breast. The disparity between the eye and the
surrounding expanse of smooth skin recapitulate in an abstracting and humanizing
manner the disparity between the nipple and the smooth surface of the mammlian
breast (or between the protruding shape of the artificial nipple of the bottle
and the smoothness of its texture). The hand-eye coordination is enveloped by
the mammalian disparity with which it is associated, which is in turn enveloped
on the new human sur-face, to which it is indexed by the attractor of
facial expression. The envelopment in facial expression reacts
upon the disparities of departure, which also remain where they are, indexed as
oppositional differences at a positioned distance from the abstracting sur-face.
The emergence of difference and distance enables person-to-person communication
(mediated becoming-together: the space in which language will lodge). This
composition of a topo-ontological sur-face enveloping disparities converted into
distances and differences, which in turn envelop differentials of sensation, is
analyzed by Deleuze and Guattari as the developmental origin in the growth of
the individual of the eternally recurrent, collective, abstract machine of
personalization, or huManization (1987, 169-170).

[31]
This sense I had of my mother: up to the time I began to recognize
her, it was simply a feeling--"This is good." No form, no
face, just something bending over me, from which good would come ...
Pleasant ... Seeing my mother was like looking at something through the lens
of a camera. At first you can't make anything out, just a round cloudy spot
... then a face appears, then its features become sharper.
My mother picks me up ... I lie there and it feels like
"this." (Luria, 77-78; italics added)

[32]
"A cloudy spot, then something pleasant, then a face" (78). Then I,
there, this. Once the infant is hedonically personalized by its facial
indexation, its becomings-mammalian, not to mention other becomings-animal, or
becomings-machine, or becomings-alien, will automatically tend to loop back
through the connection to the abstract sur-face. They will be shortcircuited by
the sur-face: "overcoded" by it. ("Just something bending over me," engulfing
feeling in the pleasantness of its shadow: "up to the time I began to recognize
... ") Any time mammalian hand-eye coordination starts to slide back into a
becoming-tactile (as it has a reflex to do), and from there into synaesthetic
escape, the mammalian will reflect back onto the recognized sur-face of
huManization rather than proceed through becoming-animal to an unknown surface
and a new becoming. The mirroring face is the form of arrest of
becomings-other-than-huMan. In this deleuzo-guattarian end-run around Lacan's
mirror stage, all the world becomes a mirror of Man reflecting and disseminating
the pure form of Majority (which envelops the positioned distances and
oppositional difference of gender, race, and age as diacritical sub-forms of
itself). In this approach, the face is a mirroring process, not a mirrored form.
It is "faciality" that produces reflection and recognition, by
reconditioning the world of sensation to serve as a mirror. The face as a full
form of expression (filled with personalized content) is an optical effect (a
visually-dominating derivative) of the becoming-mirror of the world generated by
the abstract machine of facial indexation.
The faces that simultaneously recede into and emerge from the abstract
surface of Lichtenberg-Ettinger's paintings belong to a very different machine
of expression, running counter to faciality as the personalizing form of
Majority. Lichtenberg-Ettinger's faces re-surface from lost memory (found
photos). But they are effaced as they resurface (by endless blurrings and
repeated degenerative photocopying and rubbings and swabbings and overlays of
paint). The lost memory is not presented as a personalized content pertaining to
reflection. It remains lost. It is lost again in the painting. The
effacement of the face completes the depersonalization of lost memory that began
when the memory was encountered as a "found" object. What appears on the canvas,
then, is neither a mirroring of the world nor a memory of a person. What appears
are traces. Traces of the process of producing the painting, which may
take several years. What appears are the traces of the eye selecting the found
images, the brush applying paint to them, the hand rubbing them, the machine
photocopying them over and over again, repeatedly, obsessively, month after
month. The traces are of the body over time: the rhythm of the body
turning away from and returning to the canvas, bringing back bits and pieces of
its experience with it, over a not insignificant portion of a life. The traces
record the processual in-between of the aesthetic object and the world.
They are of embodied time, of a living in the world continually
returning to the surface. Rather than a mirroring of the world, or a memory of a
person, this return is a memory of the world: the pure form of
the body as rhythm of recursion ("objet petit a"). For
Lichtenberg-Ettinger, as an Israeli, the Holocaust is ever-present. Yet it is
not reflected in her paintings as a content of personal memory (it happened
before her birth). Rather, it is re-enacted in the collective (worlded)
effacement and forgetting of the personal and particular. That is what actually
appears in the painting. The appearing re-enactment is not a reproduction. The
world-event of the Holocaust repeats, but differentially: as part of a
creative process. The collective trauma of the Holocaust is
affirmed ("neither repressed nor forgotten," as was the personal). It
is made to return, but in drift or creative divergence from its anchoring in
history. That history is supplemented by continued embodied becoming. If the
paintings are "about" anything, it is that: having a body, continuing, being
processually in-between, becoming. Having collectively survived. The "shared
memory" of the still-living.

[33]
The richness and resonances of the work brought together in this collection
make it impossible to do justice here to each individual contribution. This
afterword-and-introduction is not intended to be an exhaustive reckoning of what
can or does go on in the volume. It is one way of weaving a rhythm through it.
The reader will find many others. There are any number of motifs that run
through the essays, like refrains, or different beats to read to. It is perhaps
not surprising that rhythm and music are themselves the most frequent refrain,
given the pride of place Deleuze and Guattari assign them in their work, not to
mention the highly "composed" symphonic nature of their writing (O'Connell,
Genosko, Dale, Guattari, Lamarre, and Murphie). Evens, whose essay is entirely
dedicated to music, provides an ontology of patterned sound that is exemplary of
Deleuze and Guattari's approach to philosophizing.
Evens returns music to its conditions of emergence: noise. Noise, he
demonstrates, is not the opposite of patterned sound (a point taken up earlier
in this essay with the distinction between a beat and beats).
Noise is the unperceived "substrate" from which sound-patterning differentiates
and against which it stands out. Noise accompanies music. At times,
noise will feed back into music as a perceptible second-order interference. It
is more accurate to say that noise, as a substrate, is not primarily heard as
and in itself, than it is to say that it is not heard. One does in fact hear "a
positive effect of noise" (Evens). The substrate of noise is vaguely perceived
as "the contraction which makes music more than a sequence of unconnected
sounds, and which draws together breath into words, phrases, meanings." "Or,
perhaps, one only feels this effect, as the movement of the music." It
is the sub-perceived sensation of noise that "give[s] force to music."
The movement-effect of the music "is not created by the chords, but produces
them as its force." "Chords do not make a progression, but are themselves
created by a force which progresses in its headlong push. Noise is the reservoir
of force which, in its repeated contractions, forces the flow of music through
the musicians, the instruments, the audience ... We hear the implicated sense of
the music, its movement." We do not hear the noise in and of itself. We hear its
contraction of chords, breath, words, phrases, meanings. We hear the world.
Flowing through the "straits" of the musicians' hands into a thousand
thought-sensations of the assembled crowd. Expression. In music, we
hear the force of expression of the world, as it contracts into a
single channel and unfolds again into a singular-multiplicity of crowded
accompaniments. We hear the background noise of existence. The
becoming-expression of the world. The becoming, in expression, of the world.
The world does not exist outside its expressions.
(Deleuze 1993, 132)
If expression is the unfolding of forces of existence, then it must be
conceived as causative in some way. Noise, Evens says, gives force to the
movement and is produced by the movement as its force. The causality is
recursive. Topo-ontological feed back. All that unfolds in the same movement
returns. The unfolding of expression and the return of the expressed are
in the same movement. A movement that envelops the world--always
through an absolutely particular local channel. The movement does not envelop
the world in something else. In envelops the world in its own
self-differentiating expression as movement, in the local-absolute.
The force of expression is the immanent cause of the world. Of all that it
becomes in its differentiation. Deleuze and Guattari's "superior empiricism"
involves returning the relation between cause and effect to immanence, as the
"real" transcendental "condition of emergence" of everything-and-everybody. The
immanence is "transcendental" because it does not coincide with the forms it
expresses, even though it is not fundamentally separate from them
("transcendental" but not "transcendent").

[34] Actual form is immanence as it has folded out of
itself. Form is the expressed. There is an ontological difference between the
expressed and the expression. This means that actual things, forms of existence,
can only be understood causally in terms of deformation. The real condition of a
thing's emergence does not resemble the thing. The expression does not resemble
the expressed (Bourassa, Murphie). As Bergson was fond of saying, in order to
explain a thing one must follow the route by which it emerged, but in the
opposite direction. Recursion: along the line of retrospective possibility back
to the potential. Generative thought does not occur to a subject. Both
recur with the object. Thought-event. Of differentiating repetition.
From unfolding to infolding, from emergence to divergent return, from form to
topo-ontological deformation. From the joy of having a body, of collectively
surviving, to the creative torture of the "body without organs." Cruelty of
thought. Affirmation of the world. As it turns. (To bring the discussion back to
banality.)
Any approach that does not take into account the ontological difference in
expression misses the real movement of the world. If the cause of the thing is
located on the same existential level as its effect, nothing can be understood
of change. Nothing can be understood of how a given form came to be, and why it
will inevitably become other than it is. Nothing is understood but the
self-sameness of form, as implying only unchanging laws of extrinsic interaction
already incumbent in the form. This is common-place empiricism, which
understands the event as a change of state: an "accident" extrinsic to the
definition of the thing. An approach of this kind has no way of conceptualizing
changes in nature, qualitative transformation, except as an accumulation of
quantitative changes. The world is reduced to variations in quantity.
Rhetorics of difference avoid this quantitative reduction of dyanomogenesis.
However, they do not go much further than avoiding it. They may recognize the
need to think in terms of immanent causality. But they misapprehend the cause as
immanent to form: as operating on the level of already form things, in
the contrast between one form and the others. They locate the generative cause
in a form's diacritical "positioning" in relation to other forms. This
transposes the form's emergent disparity (its formation) into an
opposition that can do no more than repeat its difference to the forms it
encounters. Expression is then an expression of a self-sameness through
reciprocal difference. Movement and encounter are once again treated as
extrinsic. Extrinsic to what? The "essence" of the thing? Rhetorics of
difference share a secret essentialism with common-place empiricism. Something
neither can bring itself to admit. This quasi-empirical collusion with
essentialism is why rhetorics of difference have had to assert their
anti-essentialism so loudly and so obsessively (though not nearly so
convincingly). They commit the cardinal error of thinking that the
transcendental condition of a thing's existence can be deduced from its form:
that its conditions of emergence and transformation resemble its conditions of
being. This is the basis of another secret collusion: with structuralism.
Rhetorics of difference continue to rely on structuralism's version of immanent
causality as diacritics. Contemporary theories of difference also protest too
loudly their "post"-structuralism.
Conditions of emergence and transformation do not resemble conditions of
being. In actual fact, becoming deformationally envelops being.

[35] A gender, a race, an ethnicity, any particular given
form of existence, misexpresses itself--misses its own movement--to the extent
that it clings to its being. It is only by assenting to the becoming-other from
which it emerged, and will inevitably return, that a form of existence attains
its autonomy. It is only by assenting to not-be, transformationally, that a
formation can effectively coincide with the force of its own expression.
Rhetorics and politics of difference fall sort of that creative self-cruelty of
dynamogenic thought. That is their ineradicable conservatism.
If there is one thing that binds all of the essays in this volume together,
it is an awareness of the need for a radicalized or "superior" empiricism, and a
will to nudge cultural and literary theory past rhetorics and politics of
difference towards more experimental pragmatics of becoming. It should be borne
in mind that it is not enough to think borders or in-betweens of existing
subjects and objects to reach the dimension of change. And that combining and
recombining already formed wholes or parts, however freely or artistically, or
however critically and politically, is not enough to reaccess transformational
process. Recombinant art or political practice is just reshuffling the cards
that have already been dealt. One must sense and experience limits. Not just map
borders. One must come to existential terms with the absolute contingency of
what arrives out of nowhere, at the limit-state of being. Not just glibly
"perform" clever combinations of what is already on the table. Throw the die of
becoming. The one that lands in the sky and stays in the air instead of
returning to the ground. Otherwise, you are left redealing the same old hand,
and being redealt it in return.
Perhaps it is true, as Fadi Abou-Rihan writes, that when the hand reaches
into the proverbial conceptual tool-box, all that it finds is another hand.
Perhaps the "queered" hand only finds another fist in the anus. But if that is
so, the hand that is found is in the process of drawing the hand that finds it
(as in the Escher drawing invoked by Bains). Not a repetition of the same, but a
becoming-together of the different as poles of a single process. Not the same?
As different as left and right--and as singular as the two together.
Ethico-aesthetic experimentation is not overly concerned with the "production of
the subject." It is not overarchingly concerned with difference (it is
immanently concerned with it). Ethico-aesthetic experimentation has to do with
pulling the "subjectless subjectivity" of processual autonomy out of the
conceptual toolbox. As Guattari never tired of saying, and this essay has just
as tirelessly repeated, it is about expression as differential mutual emergence.
Autopoiesis. Which, as Lichtenberg-Ettiger points out, is always co-poiesis.
So let us introduce ourselves by making the philosophical gesture of
friendship: reach into your anus, and take my hand.
Drusy.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The editor gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the Fonds Pour la
Formation de Chercheurs et l'Aide à la Recherche, Québec (FCAR) and the
Australian Research Council. Special thanks to Shane Wilcox for his much
appreciated help and advice.


WORKS CITED
Note. Parenthetical citations to works not listed here
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Grosz, Elisabeth. 1994. Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal
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Guattari, Félix. 1995. Chaosmosis: An Ethico-Aesthetic Paradigm.
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Guattari, Félix and Antonio Negri. 1990. Communists Like Us: New Spaces
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Kant, Immanuel. 1952. The Critique of Judgement. Trans. James Creed
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Lacan, Jacques. 1977. Ecrits. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London:
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Latour, Bruno. 1993. We Have Never Been Modern. Trans. Catherine
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Negri, Antonio. 1981. The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza's
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NOTES

  • On capital as a time-form, see Alliez (1-25), Alliez/Feher, and
    Massumi 1993.
    Back

  • There are relatively simple one-sided topological figures that give an
    intuitive sense of the surface of becoming evoked here. The best known
    one-sided figure is the Moebius strip (suggestively used by Elizabeth Grosz to
    express the relation of "mind" to "body"; 36, 160, 209-210). The folding of
    the two-dimensional surface by which a Moebius strip is generated makes it
    interdimensional (as opposed to fractionally dimensional, or fractal). If you
    follow the edge with your finger, you find that even though it visually
    appears to have two edges, it in fact only has one: yet it is obviously not a
    line. It cuts across the three dimensions of space, but it not itself a
    volume, having neither an inside nor an outside. It has two surfaces if you
    take a region of the twist separately. But if you run your finger along the
    length of the twist, your hand returns to the place it left from, processually
    proving that the strip is one-sided as well as single-edged. The Moebius strip
    has characteristics of one-, two-, and three-dimensional figures (line,
    surface, volume), but is none of these ("there are surfaces that are not
    topologically equivalent to any subset of three-dimensional space,"
    Callender/Weingard, 23). This brings strange results when the strip is
    combined with full-dimensional forms. For example, if instead of placing your
    finger on the strip you projected the form of your left hand onto a patch of
    the surface and moved around again, when you got back to your starting point
    you'd have a right hand. Presented with a Moebius, you can only get a sense of
    what kind of figure you're dealing with by moving along with it--and moving
    along with it invokes qualitative transformation (left into right). The
    Moebius stip is a processual figure: a topological figure. It cannot be
    intuitively understood by sight alone, only by combining sight and touch over
    time, with an act of imagination. Grasped as a processual figure, it is
    geometrically unbounded, even though you can tell at a glance that it is
    limited ("finite but unbounded," Calender/Weingard, 23). Its quasi-full
    dimensional characteristics (edge, surface, volume) are its limits. It is
    defined by these limits--none of which it "has" or "is" or "occupies." What it
    has, is and occupies processually are patches; patches of interdimensionality.
    Each patch of the twisted strip is a region of the figure's procession or
    continuity. If you think of the region with a projected geometrical figure,
    like the hand, passing through it, then the region presents itself as a
    qualitative interdimension of continuous transformation. A patch of
    becoming. This is like D'Arcy Thompson's serial transformations of form in
    intensity, contracted into a single figure that is not itself a form in
    the same sense as the forms that may be projected onto it (see D'Arcy Thompson
    268-325). D'Arcy Thompson's transformations are themselves reminiscent of
    Geoffroy St. Hilaire's foldings of organic form so dear to Deleuze (Deleuze
    1994, 184-185, 215-216; Deleuze/Guattari 1987, 45-48, 254-255). One-sided
    figures are extremely useful as conceptual aids in analyzing continuity of
    process and transformation, and for illustrating how, from a qualitative point
    of view, form must be understood in terms of deformation and evolution in
    terms of involution. They are especially handy because they are visualizable
    but not in a way that separates the eye and brain from the rest of the body,
    and because unlike standard geometrical figures they do not lend themselves
    either to dichotomization ("inside-outside," "open-closed," "finite-infinite":
    "being finite or infinite are not topological properties!" cry
    Calender/Weingard, 21, in spite of their own use of the terms; see citation
    above: "unbounded but limited" might be more felicitous than "finite but
    unbounded") or to a misrecognition of qualitative differentiation as
    pertaining to extrinsic relations of difference between discrete forms. The
    Moebius is not the only one-sided figure that is of potential use to
    philosophy and cultural theory (see Courant/Robbins 259-264 for a
    non-specialist presentation of the Moebius strip, the cross-cap, and the Klein
    bottle). Raymond Ruyer insists that the "pure form" or "absolute surface" of
    sensation is one-sided (99). Following Ruyer, Deleuze/Guattari also describe
    their "plane of immanence" as one-sided (1994, 210). Finally, in footnote
    added to an early essay after the onset of his topology, Lacan (1977, 333)
    deemed his "Schema R" to have been a Moebius strip all along (thanks to Shane
    Wilcox for pointing this out to me).
    Back

  • In this example as I have developed it, the literal crystals are not
    crystalline in Deleuze's sense in Cinema 2. It is the water is the
    "crystal"--liquid crystal (apologies to my laptop display).
    Back

  • On the aesthetic as "self-standing," see O'Connell.
    Back

  • For Deleuze's immanent conversion of Kant's idealism, see 1984.
    Back

  • On Deleuze as a precursor to the theory of dissipative structures, see
    Prigogine/Stengers 1997.
    Back

  • See Lichtenberg-Ettinger for a converging Lacanian approach.
    Back

  • Pessoa expressed the various rhythms of depersonalization he
    experimented with along his own aesthetic continuum as "heteronyms" (simulated
    actual authors in whose multiple names the singular Pessoa wrote; 213-32).
    Deleuze and Guattari take up the concept of the heteronym or "conceptual
    persona" in What Is Philosophy? (64).
    Back

  • In a similar vein, Desmond Morris, ethologist, scientific populizer,
    and surrealist painter, has spoken of the role that the awakening of
    processual interest in the beautiful plays in scientific observation: "To
    really understand animals and their behaviour, you must have an aesthetic
    appreciation of an animal's beauty. This endows you with the patience to look
    at them long enough to see something." He describes the resulting continuum of
    depersonalization as "empathy" (Root-Bernstein, 8). Isabelle Stengers
    discusses the role of empathy in Barbara McClintock's experimental approach to
    genetics (1997, ch. 7). Aesthetics and "empathy," of course, do not ensure
    good science (just well-felt science). While McClintock's work in genetics was
    rewarded with a Nobel Prize, Morris's achievement is far more questionable.
    For a critique of the Lorenz school of ethology to which Morris belongs, see
    Genosko.
    Back

  • On the distinction between perception and sensation, Massumi
    1998.
    Back

  • For an approach to evaluating the immanent limits of State formations,
    see Dean and Massumi.
    Back

  • On capture and regions of becoming, or "milieus," see Deleuze/Guattari
    1987, 49-51.
    Back

  • On the capitalist relation as directly a form of power, see Massumi
    1992, 128-141 and 1997.
    Back

  • On the limits of capitalism, in relation to "schizophrenia" rather
    than the "postmodern," see Deleuze/Guattari 1983, 230-231, 247-250.
    Back

  • Greg Lynn, in an entirely different domain (that of architecture),
    develops a logic of morphogenesis that is extremely useful for conceptualizing
    change, and is particularly suggestive in its articulation of a philosophy of
    the emergence of form with information theory: "Contexts [patterns of
    extrinsic interrelations between already-emerged forms] tend towards entropy.
    Contexts lack specific organization and the information they provide tends to
    be general. In this regard contexts might be understood as entropic in their
    homogeneity and the uniform distribution of differences. Information and
    difference are being used here almost interchangeably [following Gregory
    Bateson's definition of information as "a difference that makes a difference":
    a "differential" in the vocabulary of this essay], and homogeneity is
    understood as a sameness of differences ["difference" in the present
    vocabulary] or a lack of information. Thus, homogeneity and disorganization,
    or lack of difference ["differential"] is a characteristic of symmetry ...
    Symmetry, and any exact form for that matter, indicates a lack of order due to
    a lack of interaction with larger forces and environments ... 'organized
    context' requires an agent of differentiation." "Communism" is Guattari's term
    for the collective agent of social differentitation.
    Back

  • On power versus potential in political philosophy, see Negri 1991 and
    1998.
    Back

  • On the "univocity" of the coming to expression of the multiple, see
    Deleuze 1990, 177-180; 1994, 35-42, 303-304.
    Back

  • The classic empiricist presentation of this approach is William
    James's Essays in Radical Empiricism: "There is no general
    stuff of which appearance is made. It is made of that, or just what
    appears (26-27) ... what I call 'pure experience' [is] only virtually or
    potentially either object or subject as yet. For the time being, it is plain,
    unqualified actuality, a simple that (23) ... experience as a whole
    is self-containing and leans on nothing (193) ... object and subject
    fuse in the fact of 'presentation' or sense-perception (197) ...
    knower and object exist as so many ultimate thats or facts of being"
    (196). As the last phrase suggests, James's "that" (or "this-that": to signal
    a differential, or incipient difference) is Francis Bacon's "fact,"
    which can in turn be understood in terms of Whitehead's definition of fact as
    the "undifferentiated terminus of sense-awareness," the inexhaustible
    unthought from which thought "diversifies" and to which it "demonstratively"
    returns, as to its "ideal limit" (6-10, 13-15).
    Back

  • On expression as an unfolding of possible worlds, see Deleuze 1990,
    301-320 and 1994, 260-261.
    Back

  • On distance as a topological feature of the surface, see Deleuze 1990,
    173 and Bacon: "to make a Sahara of the appearance," to compose a surface
    "having the distances of the Sahara" (Sylvester 56). On depth as "implex," see
    Deleuze 1994, 229-232.
    Back

  • "The individualized self ... is a part of the content of the world
    experienced. The world experienced ... comes at all times with our body as its
    centre, centre of vision, centre of action, centre of interest. Where the body
    is is 'here'; when the body acts is 'now'; what the body touches is 'this';
    all other things are 'there' and 'then' and 'that.' ... The body is the storm
    centre ... The word 'I,' then, is primarily a noun of position, just like
    'this' and 'here.' Activities attached to 'this' position have prerogative
    emphasis, and, if activities have feelings, must be felt in a particular way.
    The word 'my' designates the kind of emphasis": or in the present vocabulary,
    the pattern of exploratory reaccess. James, 170-171n.
    Back

  • Steven Shaviro's Cinematic Body and Doom Patrols are
    exemplary studies of the intensity of affect and sensation in postmodern
    culture.
    Back

  • On the necessary dimension of vagueness in perception, see Evens. See
    also Murphie and Deleuze 1994, 213-214 and 1993, 90-91 and Smith 39, on the
    "clear-confused" and "distinct-obscure." The implicated dimension of
    perception these formulas express is what is termed "sensation" in this
    essay.
    Back

  • On possibility as retrospective, see Bergson 1946, 107-125 and
    Bourassa.
    Back

  • In the Saussurean system, potential returns in language as the
    nonlocalizable excess of signifier over signified that accompanies the local
    realization of a conventional signifier-signified coupling. This excess is
    ensconced in the "vertical" dimension of the process (understood very
    differently than in the present context: as a "synchrony" rather than a
    temporal disparity, the disparity that is the empty form of time). It
    constitutes the immanent generative surplus from which the "horizontal" relay
    to the next linguistic realization is drawn ("diachrony": also different from
    the "horizontal" lines of encounter at issue here, in that diachrony is not
    essentially differentiating; the system remains the same across its
    realizations). An analogous surplus figures in Lévi-Strauss's anthropology as
    "mana" and its structural equivalents, which constitute the specifically
    cultural presentation of the staying power of processual remainder (the
    reserve of potential) in many societies. It is in excess-as-remainder that a
    reconciling of Deleuze and Guattari's thought and structuralisms of
    signification might be found ("mana" converts into Deleuze's "dark precursor"
    or "object = x"; 1979, 315-324; 1990, 113-115; 1994, 119-123). The
    deleuzo-guattarian conversion of structuralism entails the signifier and
    signified generating an excess by escaping down a "line of flight" away
    from the "despotism" (self-sameness across its variations) of the
    signifying regime--rather than the excess regenerating signifier-signified
    following the chain of conventional linguistic realizations. This
    amounts to an autonomization of signified-signifier coupling as a pure,
    "postsignifying" form in which the matter of content melds with the manner of
    expression. It is the melding that takes the lead, as an "abstract machine" of
    autonomized, depersonalized expression (Deleuze/Guattari 1986, 3-8;
    Deleuze/Guattari 1987, 129-135, 189-191; Haghighi).
    Back

  • See the crystal-shaped diagram of "Man" in Deleuze/Guattari 1987, 544;
    see also 291-294. For a feminist Lacanian appropriation of the concept of
    becoming-woman, see Lichtenberg-Ettinger in this volume.
    Back

  • On evolution as necessarily involving involution, see Bergson 1991 and
    Ansell-Pearson 1997, 1998.
    Back

  • On art as instinct and portraiture as being bound up with
    becomings-animal, see Bacon in Sylvester, 18, 32, 97. See also Ansell-Pearson
    1998.
    Back

  • "Pathological" synaesthesia, in the view adopted here, is a
    becoming-conscious in a limited way (typically, colored hearing) of a
    nonconscious condition underlying all cognition. This accords with the
    conclusions of Peter Grossenbacher, who argues that "normal" perception is an
    inhibition of the synaesthetic dimension, an inhibition that clinical
    synaesthetes have "failed" to fully develop (165). In clinical synaesthetes,
    the synaethetic expression appears "in addition to, not instead of" the
    "normal" perception of the object, with which it is strictly simultaneous.
    This leads Grossenbach to theorize a "multimodal" nexus through which the
    separate inputs of the senses are fedforward, and simultaneously fedbackward
    (the "recursion" of sensation discussed in this essay; Grossenberger 163-166).
    Language and "higher" cognitive functions lie at one extreme of the feedback
    loop (166), folding into and out of the sensation (166). For that synaesthetic
    sensation to be "simultaneous" with the object perception, the speed of its
    constitutive feed would have to be greater than the smallest perceptible
    interval (the "infinite speed" of self-recursion of Ruyer's "pure form" and
    Deleuze and Guattari's "concept": "self-survey," as explained by Bains).
    Grossenbacher, in a move again converging with the approach here, assimilates
    this process to the imagination, or what experimental psychologists call
    "imagery." Imagery, including clinical synaesthetic imagery, he argues,
    "depends on the same [neural] mechanisms as support perceptual attention"
    (153). Neurologically, there is no distinction between them. The difference
    between sensation and perception, and consciousness and nonconsciousness, is
    not one of kind. The distinction is processual: they are differentiated as
    regions of a "simultaneous" recursion. They are different "ages" of a single
    self-coincident and self-differentiating loop. They are distinctions immanent
    to the absolute speed of the self-recursion. It is worth noting that the
    "multimodal nexus" must be conceived as lying inbetween. Where is the
    inbetween space of an integral and simultaneous self-co-presence? Saying that
    the nexus is "inbetween" amounts to saying that it is nonlocalized.
    The "nexus" is the processual loop. Its nonlocalizability expresses
    its reality as virtual. This is the pure form of thought-sensation as
    a virtual "kernal" of a "nexus of expression," as referred to earlier. The
    synaesthetic "concurrent" in clinical synaesthetes (for example, the colors
    induced by sound) are perceived outside the body at "middle distance," in what
    Cytowic calls a "peri-personal" space (i.e., at the boundary between the
    personal and the nonpersonal; 23).This is a way of saying that this perceptual
    "middle" is in the same abstract space of nonlocality as the "inbetween" of
    the neurological nexus of the sensation in itself (in its material mechanism).
    It is a region of the same process. On "mesoperception" in its
    relation to synaesthesia (in particular as it involves proprioception, which
    could be argued to be the sense "closest" to the "multimodal nexus"; see
    Massumi 1996). In young infants, sensation and perception are not yet
    differentiated, so there is no "cross-modal" referencing of impingements
    arriving by separate sensory pathways (Maurer). The world of the neonate is
    synaesthesic, in an undifferentiated manner, directly (without feedback: the
    pure form of experience at its purest, at its most infinitely-fast). The
    multimodal nexus is everything. The separate neurological pathways of vision,
    touch, hearing, etc., get tangled in the primordial neural soup of the as-yet
    functionally undifferentiated matter of the emergent brain. Neonate sensation
    is the actuality of the "condition" of all of the "ages" of perception (and
    therefore, via proprioception, of all intentional movement and action).
    Deleuze and Guattari's "childhood block" or "becoming-child"
    (Deleuze/Guattari 1986, 78-79; 1987, 293-294) is a resurfacing of the
    undifferentiated conditions of perception and movement alongside and in
    addition to the "adult" differentiation of the senses and their
    slowed-down, secondary, "intermodal" reconnection (for example, the "normal,"
    functional ability to see a texture). "Adult" perception, once again, is a
    slowing-down or "inhibition" of "neonate" synaesthesia (Maurer, 228). The
    connection Deleuze and Guattari make between involuntary memory, as in Proust,
    and the resurfacing of the childhood block accords with the assertion that
    synaesthesia is "hypermnesis." Experimental psychologists have a pronounced
    tendency to confuse "synaesthetic sensation" with "intermodal" or
    "cross-modal" perception. Intermodal perception is a product of the
    differentiation of the senses. It is when the souped senses are
    selectively brought back together after having functionally separated, in
    tandem with the functional differentiation of regions of maturing
    brain-matter.
    Back

  • Nicholas Negroponte has emerged as the consummate digital prophet of
    interfacial smarm. See Massumi 1995.
    Back

  • In her studies of "facedness" (the ability to recognize faces and
    facial expressions), Daphne Maurer argues that the new-born infant perceives
    the disparity between the "nubbiness" and the "smoothness" of the breast or
    artificial nipple, and the distance between this disparity and the caregiver's
    face, only as variations in "intensity" (236-237). Oppositional
    difference (between nubbiness and smoothness to the touch; also expressed
    visually as contrast) and distance are enveloped in synaesthetic intensity.
    They become perceptible in the course of an additive differentiation of
    intensity.
    Back

  • Luria presents the classic case of a man whose every perception was
    highly synaesthetic, and who for that reason had total recall. Since his
    memory was lodged in sensation rather than in language, he could vividly
    remember the time before he could speak (an impossibility according the
    Lacanian scheme of things).
    Back

  • For more on the art of Lichtenberg-Ettinger, see Ettinger 1995
    (includes essays by Jean-François Lyotard, Christine Buci-Glucksmann and
    Griselda Pollack).
    Back

  • For more on Deleuze's transcendental empiricism, and the difference
    between the transcendental and the transcendent, see Goodchild 1996a, 30-37
    and 1996b, 12-19 and Martin 29-50.
    Back

  • On the "fact" of sensation as deformational ("distorted" and
    "anti-illustrational"), see Francis Bacon in Sylvester (30, 40-41, 59), and
    Deleuze 1981 (9-10).
    Back

    От Пуденко Сергей
    К Пуденко Сергей (25.01.2006 12:05:43)
    Дата 25.01.2006 12:30:27

    проблемы - просьба помочь

    на будущее очень понадобятся книги, которые по-русски не доступны

    большая просьба !! к имеющим возможности обозначить (можно вмейлом)
    возможности приобретения книг -через амазон.ком или на Западе с
    доставкой оказией.

    книги относительно дешевые ("Тысячу плато" недавно купили за 23 бакса на
    западе сдоставкой оказией -это 500стр толстый талмуд)

    на русских сайтах цены несоразмерно высоки. Ср последнюю .ди Ланду - это
    тоненький пейпербек, а сайт (русский,"достави нет")просит 25 бакс.
    МНОГОВАТО

    1
    > Есть ли книга Mitchell Waldrop "Complexity" на русском языке?

    > Вот тут сам Валдроп
    > все разъясняет
    >     http://www.tnellen.com/ted/tc/complexity.html
    > и вот доступная для понимания рецензия
    >

    http://www.dooyoo.co.uk/printed-books/complexity-m -mitchell-waldrop/454
    > 82/
    >

    2
    > Шарин Ю.С., Якимович Б.А., Толмачев В.Г., Коршунов А.И. Теория
    > сложности. Ижевск, 1999. - 132 с.
    > Шарин Ю.С., Тоболкин А.П. Теория сложности и вопросы антикризисного
    > развития фирмы / Урал. гос....
    >

    3
    > ISBN: 0826479324
    > Автор: DeLanda ( )
    > Название: Intensive Science & Virtual Philosophy ( )
    > Издательство: Continuum
    > Классификация: Западная философия,
    > Обложка: Paperback
    > Страницы: 240 pages
    > Вес: 0,00 кг.
    > Дата издания: March 2005
    > Описание: Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy cuts to the heart
    of
    > the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and of today's science wars. At the
    > start of the 21st Century, Deleuze is now regarded as the most radical
    > and influential of contemporary philosophers. Yet his work is widely
    > misunderstood and misinterpreted. In this already classic work Manuel
    > DeLanda does what the growing host of Deleuzians have falled to do -
    he
    > makes sense of Deleuze for both analytic and continental thought, for
    > both science and philosophy.
    > Дополнительное описание: Кол-во стр.: 240
    > Формат: 198 x 129
    > Дата издания: 2005
    > Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка.
    > Цена: 648.00 р.
    >

    4
    > Massumi, Brian (1992). A User's Guide to Capitalism and Schizophrenia:
    > Deviations from Deleuze and Guattari. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
    > Maturana, Humberto and Franciso Varela (1980). Autopoiesis and
    > Cognition. Boston:
    >

    5
    >
     http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0822328828?v=glance&vi=con
    > tents
    > Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation Brian Massumi.
    > Paperback,
    > March 2002 Other Formats: Hardcover. Our Price: $21.95.
    >

    >
    >
    6
    > http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/text-only/issue.904/15.1edbauer.txt
    > Trembath, Paul. "Reactivating Deleuze: critical affects after cultural
    > materialism"
    > Postmodern Culture - Volume 7, Number 3, May 1997,
    >