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От
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IGA
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К
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Сепулька
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Дата
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30.09.2002 20:17:57
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Рубрики
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Россия-СССР; Байки;
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кризис в Калифорнии
"Сепулька" wrote:
> >Джордж Рейсман. Калифорния стонет под гнетом государства.
> > http://www.libertarium.ru/libertarium/100392
> Очень интересный "разбор полетов":
Этот George Reisman, похоже, специализируется на публичной защите энергетических компаний и концепции "свободного рынка". Вот еще недавняя его статья - http://www.capitalism.net/articles/News%20Report%20California's%20Blackouts%20Caused%20by%20Demons.html
Логика у него простая: веерные отключения - это дефицит, а дефицит - всегда следствие регулирования и гос. вмешательства.
Кстати, в статье приводятся факты летальных случаев из-за таких вот отключений - и Рейсман решительно отвергает вину компаний за них.
Впрочем, он рассуждает на таком высоком уровне абстракции (на котором с ним, не исключено, и можно было бы согласиться - чисто абстрактно), что без труда находятся вполне конкретные опровергающие факты.
Вот он пишет:
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Он [рост цен на газ] был особенно велик в Калифорнии, где недостаточная пропускная способность трубопроводов ограничила предложение природного газа в большей степени, чем в других штатах.
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Но вот берем документ http://www.ferc.gov/RP00-241-006-09-23-02.pdf с сайта FERC - это предварительное судебное решение в отношении компаний El Paso, которые, возможно, будут обвинены в анти-конкурентном сговоре с целью оказания влияния на цены на газ в штате Калифорния. Оказывается, пропускная способность трубопроводов ограничивалась искусственно:
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The Commission-s regulations require a pipeline to fully schedule its system and to transport volumes up to its certificated capacity. The Commission-s open access rules require a pipeline to make all available capacity available to the market.A pipeline is not permitted to withhold capacity if it receives requests for service that it can fulfill. In other words, if a pipeline receives requests for capacity, it is not enough to offer the capacity by posting, it must also honor those requests.11 Section
284.9 of the Commission-s regulations establishes this requirement.
El Paso Pipeline had a certificated capacity during the relevant period of 3,290 MMcf/d to its California delivery points. El Paso Pipeline never requested authority to abandon any portion of that certificated capacity. Under these circumstances, El Paso Pipeline was under an obligation to make 3,290 MMcf/d available to its California delivery points.
By not making the 3,290 MMcf/d available El Paso Pipeline not only violated ¬ 284.7 and ¬ 284.9 of the Commission-s regulations, but also its commitment under the ten-year settlement. Since the average flow during the relevant period was only 2,594 MMcf/d, there was a withholding of 696 MMcf/d of capacity to the California delivery points. While some of the 696 MMcf/d of capacity is unaccounted for, the evidence is clear that an average of 210 MMcf/d of capacity was not made available because El Paso
Pipeline did
-not operate its pipeline at the Maximum Allowable Pressure (MAOP) as it very well could have.
[резюме]
El Paso Pipeline violated Section 284.7 and 284.9, of the Commission-s regulations 17 which require pipelines to make all of their capacity available to the market
The record is clear that El Paso Pipeline withheld at least the 345 MMcf/d as discussed in detail before herein, and perhaps much, much more.
The Chief Judge finds that El Paso Pipeline withheld extremely large amounts of capacity that it could have flowed to its California delivery points in violation of its certificate obligation and in violation of its 10-year settlement agreement which substantially tightened the supply of natural gas at the California border significantly broadening the basis differential.
The Chief Judge further finds, and modifies his October 9, 2001, Initial Decision to the effect that El Paso Pipeline had the ability to exercise market power and that El Paso Pipeline did in fact exercised market power by withholding substantial volumes of capacity to its California delivery points, which tightened the supply and broadened the basis differential.
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