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Георгий
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02.01.2002 09:46:44
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Рубрики
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Россия-СССР; История;
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Перевод первой страницы гл. 3, ч. 1. Прошу замечаний...
... по части неточностей с точки зрения грамматики, спорных вариантов перевода (отмечены вопросительным знаком) терминов, в т. ч.
экономических... Кстати, я не смог найти слово АНКЛАВ в словаре.
Было бы очень любезно с вашей стороны, братья-форумяне.
Да, еще - в конце стоит обозначение даты. По-моему, это не английский стандарт. А как правильно и наиболее типично?
Итак:
Part 1
Chapter 3
The Social Field of Soviet Enterprises:
the Peculiar Point of View to the Soviet Regime
In 1950s-1960s, the model of Soviet enterprise had formed that had been ex-isted till the beginning of the 'perestroika" reforms.
The nature of enterprise con-veys very much about both the Soviet project's essence and the practically organ-ized social order.
The idea of enterprise as industrial and economic system is an abstraction be-ing unequal to our topic. Every company, every firm
and every enterprise is some microcosmos working according to the values and standards prevailing in the soci-ety. Even an
industrial анклав (перевод?) (for example, the branch of-fice of German company in a Peruvian city) cannot be isolated from
cultural envi-ronment. On the whole, the pattern of 'traditional society' is family and the pattern of 'modern society' is
market . This is a concept the rights and duties of a person, society, state arise from, and especially those of the
concerned element, the enterprise.
The overwhelming majority of today's Russia's enterprises was found in So-viet time. The enterprises inherited from
pre-revolutionary Russia were trans-formed according to the same matrix (stencil?). The matrix (stencil?), i. e. the no-tion of
duties and obligations of an enterprise in Soviet society, took shape in proc-ess of industrialization and industry rebuilding
during the World War II and the post-war reconstruction (1930s-1950s). That was so-called 'mobilization social-ism' era
('Stalinism', in other words). During that period of time the USSR commit-ted a great spurt in development of industry, science and
education.
In order to understand the time of enterprise having been (?) formed during the Soviet project realization, we should display its
social and philosophic basics. In terms of ideology that project is called 'Russian communism'. Having taken as a banner the Marxism
postulates, it became the special something civilization trajec-tory (?), absolutely different from the Western Social Democratic
way. The reason of that difference is obvious: Russia was a peasant country, the country of the tra-ditional society, and many
structures of agrarian civilization were well preserved in Russian culture. The Western Social Democracy is a product of the civil
society including the class of peasants and peasant culture as (?) relic (in agriculture they were substituted by farmers).
Just at first stage of the 'shock therapy' after 1991 the 'anomaly' of Russian en-terprises was revealed. The anomaly that did not
allow to set up the labor-market (?, в оригинале - рынок рабочей силы) until now. The Deputy Minister of Labor and
Employment of Russia V. Kastmarsky wrote in March, 1992: "The spice of actual economic circumstances is that after emancipation of
prices and the beginning of demand restrictions' functioning in normal (NB: nor-mal) economy all enterprises aspire to expand their
production not only to survive but to increase their profit also. In Russia we have surprising facts (?, в оригинале - "вещи"): the
production is reducing but at the same time unemployment is not increasing. That means the enterprises continue to pay a hire even
working less and worse (структура предложения?) They look for any ways to survive; for exam-ple, they rent their production areas to
foreign companies, they sell the resources of raw materials and equipment (Rossijskaja Gazeta, 24.03.92).