От Exeter
К Козлов Евгений
Дата 21.09.2004 23:40:03
Рубрики Прочее; Современность; Армия;

Читайте оригинал здесь (с картинкой)

Да простит меня Администрация, но суть в обще-то изложена в корневом сообщении.


JANE'S DEFENCE WEEKLY - SEPTEMBER 15, 2004

US Army to send Sheriff to Iraq

JOSHUA KUCERA JDW Staff Reporter
Washington, DC

The US Department of Defense is planning to field a vehicle equipped with non-lethal high-powered microwaves with US forces in Iraq next year.
The project, which was initiated only three months ago, aims to get four to six systems to US Army and US Marine Corps (USMC) units by about September 2005, said the project director, Col Wade Hall of the Office of Force Transformation (OFT), which is heading the initiative.
The vehicle, named the Sheriff, is intended for troops operating in cities and fighting an enemy that operates near civilians. It will give US troops options other than not firing - thereby putting themselves in danger - and using traditional weapons, which carry a heavy risk of killing civilians, Col Hall said.
The Sheriff will be fitted with a version of the Active Denial System (ADS), which is currently in an advanced concept technology demonstration. The ADS uses millimetre-wave electromagnetic energy that can be directed at potential attackers and repels them by causing a painful, burning sensation. The ADS has a range of 1km but the Sheriff's system will be "a lot" weaker, said Col Hall, who declined to be more specific.
It will also incorporate an active protection system - either the Full Spectrum Active Protection Close-In Layered Shield, developed by Chang Industry, or the Active Defense System, from United Defense LP - to intercept and deflect rocket-propelled grenades and other fire. The decision on which of these systems to use will be made by the Naval Surface Warfare Center's Dahlgren division "fairly soon", said John Canning, the Sheriff programme manager at Dahlgren.
It will also have Gunslinger, a rapid-fire gun being developed at Dahlgren, which will detect snipers and automatically fire back at them.
The system will be mounted on a currently fielded vehicle so that the system can be deployed as quickly as possible. The USMC is most likely to get a Light Armored Vehicle (LAV)-based Sheriff, while the US Army will use either a Stryker or an M1117 Armored Security Vehicle. The army's Rapid Equipping Force is making that decision.
If the first vehicles are successful, the programme could be expanded and could eventually be mounted on vehicles in the army's Future Combat Systems and the Marine Air Ground Task Force Expeditionary Family of Fighting Vehicles, Col Hall said.
The Sheriff could also be used by the US Air Force and US Navy for perimeter security of airbases and ports and by the Department of Homeland Security for border patrol, said Arthur Cebrowski, head of the OFT.
The second generation of the Sheriff will include an ADS with a slightly longer range and the ability to modulate its strength and possibly more non-lethal weapons. Future versions will be remote- controlled or even autonomous, according to Col Hall.



Artist's impression of the Sheriff equipped with a non-lethal weapon system comprising an Active Denial System mounted on an LAV chassis
(Source: US Army)







С уважением, Exeter
От Гриша
К Exeter (21.09.2004 23:40:03)
Дата 22.09.2004 06:57:54

Дополнительная информация (насчет глаз, рака итд)

Вольный перевод: Глаза имеют достаточное количество рецепторов боли для действия рефлекса избегания, т.е человек либо зажмуривается либо отворачивается. Микроволны проникают на дистанцию 0.3мм, что в десять раз ниже чем толщина век.


Active Denial Technology
Active Denial Technology is a breakthrough non-lethal technology that uses millimeter-wave electromagnetic energy to stop, deter, and turn back an advancing adversary from relatively long range.
AFRL's Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Division, Applications Branch, Kirtland AFB NM

AFRL scientists and sponsors from the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) announced the existence of a revolutionary non-lethal directed energy technology called Active Denial Technology (ADT) at a Pentagon press conference in March 2001. The Marine Times said that ADT was potentially the biggest breakthrough in weapons technology since the atom bomb.

ADT enables a new class of weaponry using directed energy. This technology uses a beam of millimeter waves to heat an adversary's skin, causing intense pain without damage. This makes the adversary flee.

AFRL began research into non-lethal weapons in the mid-1980s. This research resulted in the building and testing of a low power repel demonstrator funded by the Air Force. Congress directed the Department of Defense (DoD) to create a joint organization to develop non-lethal technology and capabilities in 1996. The Marine Corps is the executive agent for the DoD. The JNLW program funded AFRL to produce two vehicle-mounted repel demonstrators based on previous research.

ADT exploits intolerance of thermally induced pain. Pain intolerance depends on pain intensity and duration. The intensity of pain depends on skin temperature, starting at a threshold of 45°C and increasing rapidly until pain intensity is maximized at a skin temperature of 55°C. ADT uses a beam of energy to heat the skin. The frequency has favorable scaling in several respects. A powerful and efficient millimeter-wave source technology exists. As frequency increases, the ability of an antenna to concentrate energy increases with the square of the frequency. The depth of energy deposition in tissue is 0.3 mm, the same depth as pain-sensing nerves.

ADT does not burn and does not cause prolonged or unnecessary suffering, permanent damage, or long-term effects. A large safety margin exists between causing intolerable pain and burning in the operational range of ADT. This margin allows exploitation of pain intolerance while avoiding damage. Researchers explored the possibility of eye damage and skin cancer and have eliminated these as a concern. The eye has many pain receptors on the cornea and an aversion response protects the eyes. Experiments also demonstrated that millimeter-wave energy does not promote cancer. Scientists continue performing extensive volunteer human testing in strict accord with approved laws and regulations requiring informed consent. An institutional review board and the Air Force Surgeon General's Research Oversight Council approve human and animal research protocols.

An ADT system consists of an electrical power source, a device producing a beam of millimeter-wave energy, an antenna directing energy towards a target, and a beam transport connecting the source and antenna. Raytheon constructed a full-power, full-range demonstration system for vehicle-mounted technology integrating these elements (see Figure 1). Users can assess the potential operational utility of ADT, demonstrate key technologies in a field environment, and perform large spot effects tests using the demonstration system.

Communications and Power Industries of Palo Alto, California, designed and built the gyrotron millimeter-wave source. In the gyrotron, a superconducting magnet with a cryocooler generates a rotating electron beam in a strong magnetic field (~3.4 Tesla). The electrons interact resonantly with electromagnetic waves in a cavity. This interaction bunches the electron beam and electron energy converts into millimeter waves. The millimeter-wave energy is extracted from the cavity and mode-converted to a quasi-gaussian beam. The beam, shaped by mirrors, passes through a window made of polycrystalline diamond, which has low loss, high thermal conductivity, and high mechanical strength.

The antenna is similar in configuration to satellite television receivers. The shape of the secondary mirror optimally illuminates the two-meter primary reflector. This gives high-aperture efficiency and increases power density on target. Malibu Research designed and built a flat parabolic surface (FLAPS™) as the primary aperture. The FLAPS™ surface is a Fresnel mirror constructed from an array of dipoles that achieves high gain with reduced mechanical tolerances.

The antenna is mounted on an azimuth-elevation turret. Spatial stabilization allows antenna operation in buffeting winds. A boresighted low-light video camera and thermal imager are mounted on the antenna. The operator maneuvers the antenna with a joystick and depresses a trigger to fire the beam. Since the operator sees the target and surrounding area, he knows exactly what the beam will hit when he fires it. The atmosphere slightly absorbs the millimeter-wave beam and heavy rain can degrade performance. These effects are not considered important, however, since the operator must see the target to engage it.

Testing of the ADT demonstration system took place at Kirtland AFB, New Mexico. Figure 2 is a thermal image of a high-power beam of millimeter waves hitting two silhouette targets consisting of a microwave-absorbing material. The beam does not affect the nearby silhouette target. This test was the final phase of a Force Protection Battlelab demonstration. The exit criteria from the Battlelab demonstration that were met or exceeded included a characterization of peak power density on target at range, dwell time, and beam width. Earlier phases of the demonstration used modeling and simulation, and live force-on-force exercises to study the operational benefits of ADT. The Battlelab demonstration showed that ADT has significant operational potential.

Use of the demonstration system in a series of experiments will aid researchers in studying the repel effect on animals and people. The program will then transition to the Electronic Systems Center at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts for development of a vehicle-mounted version of ADT (see Figure 3). The demonstrator will be used as a test bed and for additional effects studies.

In the final analysis, ADT is meant to save lives. Active denial is a revolutionary force protection technology that will help fill the US non-lethal capability gap. ADT systems will provide field commanders with a non-lethal force option in situations where the use of lethal force is authorized, but not preferred.

One of the attractive features of ADT is that the probability of hit is 100% since ballistics effects are irrelevant. The energy beam travels at the speed of light. As long as electricity is available, a continuous or pulsed beam of energy can be projected. Operators can direct this beam toward individual targets, sweep it across many targets, dwell it to suppress snipers, or create an energy barrier. The range of ADT considerably exceeds the range of conventional non-lethal technologies and is meant to outrange small arms fire. Possible applications of ADT are airborne, maritime, fixed site, or man-portable. Researchers are studying all applications for their operational benefits and technical feasibility.
От YKB
К Гриша (22.09.2004 06:57:54)
Дата 22.09.2004 10:18:26

Re: Дополнительная информация...

>Вольный перевод: Глаза имеют достаточное количество рецепторов боли для действия рефлекса избегания, т.е человек либо зажмуривается либо отворачивается. Микроволны проникают на дистанцию 0.3мм, что в десять раз ниже чем толщина век.

А на ком испытывали? Откуда такие данные?

С уважением, YKB.
От Гриша
К YKB (22.09.2004 10:18:26)
Дата 22.09.2004 10:34:03

На ком, на ком...

>>Вольный перевод: Глаза имеют достаточное количество рецепторов боли для действия рефлекса избегания, т.е человек либо зажмуривается либо отворачивается. Микроволны проникают на дистанцию 0.3мм, что в десять раз ниже чем толщина век.
>
> А на ком испытывали? Откуда такие данные?

Scientists continue performing extensive volunteer human testing in strict accord with approved laws and regulations requiring informed consent.

Сиречь, "Ученные продолжают производить тестированние на добровольцах, в точном сочитании с законами и административными положениями требующими информированное согласиe (человека)."

На животных, опять же.
От Козлов Евгений
К Exeter (21.09.2004 23:40:03)
Дата 22.09.2004 00:10:57

так це ж радар! :) (-)

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