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Chestnut
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08.08.2003 21:44:41
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11-19 век;
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Первоначально русский титул "царь" переводился практически
на все иностранные языки как "император".
Впрочем некоторые источники выражали сомнение насчет адекватности перевода, указывая на то, что на самом деле "царь" по-русски означает "король".
Например,
1555 Richard Eden, The Decades of the newe worlde of west India p. 290 [translating von Heberstein]: "Wheras now this prince is cauled an Emperour, I haue thought good to shewe the tytle, and the cause of this error. Note therefore that Czar in the Ruthens tounge signifieth a kynge, wheras in the language of the Slauons, Pollons, Bohemes, and other, the same woorde Czar signifieth Cesar by whiche name Themperours haue byn commonly cauled."
1591 Giles Fletcher: of the Russe Common Wealth: "Sometimes [there is a] quarrell betwixt them and the Tartar and Poland ambassadours, who refuse to call him czar, that is emperour."
1662 John Davies, The voyages & travels of the ambassadors from the Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy, and the King of Persia, p. 95: "The word Czaar signifies King, which may be seen in their Bible, where the Muscovites, speaking of David and his successors..they call them Czaars."
http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/emperor.htm#russia