От Skvortsov
К dragon.nur
Дата 18.02.2021 11:52:06
Рубрики WWII; Искусство и творчество;

Эсквайры не дворяне

>>“Men-at-Arms” в средневековой Англии были тяжеловооруженные кавалеристы в полном доспехе, но не рыцари.
>
>>Поэтому название можно перевести и как "Эсквайры на войне" или "Высшая часть благородного сословия на войне".
>Просто "Их высокоблагородия". Хрустобулочно и всё такое.
>А если серьёзно, то, КМК, просто "В броне и с оружием".

On 20 June 1322 sheriffs were instructed to send all bannerets, knights, armigeri and other homines ad arma equites, who are not in retinues, to the muster at Newcastle. Does this mean that by this date there was a clear distinction between armigeri and men-at-arms, that is to say that the esquire as a social category has actually arrived?

In 1322 the sheriff of Oxfordshire and Berkshire returned the names of eighteen armigeri and nine men-at-arms in the former county, and of four armigeri and ten men-at-arms in the latter who were not already attached to retinues; that is to say, men who constituted an additional pool of potential cavalrymen which had not been tapped.

The Origins of the English Gentry
PETER COSS
От СанитарЖеня
К Skvortsov (18.02.2021 11:52:06)
Дата 18.02.2021 12:48:51

Дворяне, конечно же. Ещё не выслужившие рыцарские шпоры, но дворяне. (-)
От Skvortsov
К СанитарЖеня (18.02.2021 12:48:51)
Дата 18.02.2021 13:04:52

Commoners. Доходы не позволяли стать рыцарем. А многие не хотели.


According to the returns for the income tax collected in 1436, there were about 50 peers (those of the 'estate' of baron or baroness and above), with an average income of £768 excluding annuities, or £865 including them, ranging from the £3230 of Richard, Duke of York, to the £60 of Lord Clinton, although few were assessed on annual incomes of less than £300.

Below the peerage were 183 taxpayers who were assessed on an income of over £100, this group having an average income of around £200, although a few of them, such as Sir John Fastolf who was assessed on £600, were richer than the poorer peers. Together with about 750 taxpayers assessed on incomes between £40 and £100, with an average of £60, they constituted England's 'knightly' class since, in theory, the government required all those with landed incomes of over £40 to become knights.

In practice, however, many men preferred to pay a small fine rather
than take up their knighthood.

Below this stratum were those labelled by Gray as 'esquires', about 1200 taxpayers with incomes between £20 and £39, with an average of £24, although their ranks included many merchants and yeomen, £20 being the minimum income specified for a justice of the peace in 1439.
От СанитарЖеня
К Skvortsov (18.02.2021 13:04:52)
Дата 18.02.2021 15:04:34

Commoners это "не пэры". Наследственное нетитулованное дворянство туда входило. (-)
От Паршев
К СанитарЖеня (18.02.2021 15:04:34)
Дата 20.02.2021 21:34:47

Простолюдины это просто (-)
От Паршев
К СанитарЖеня (18.02.2021 15:04:34)
Дата 20.02.2021 21:32:36

Re: Commoners это...

в англоязычной антропологической литературе: термин, принятый для обозначения членов позднего преполитарного общества, обладающих модальным для данной общности объемом престижных ценностей и вытекающими из этого факта социальными возможностями
От Skvortsov
К СанитарЖеня (18.02.2021 15:04:34)
Дата 18.02.2021 15:15:20

Commoners это "не пэры". И не баронеты и не рыцари.


Наследственное нетитулованное дворянство в Англии - только наследственные рыцари.

Эсквайры не имели никаких юридических прав, отличных от простого народа.
От Skvortsov
К Skvortsov (18.02.2021 13:04:52)
Дата 18.02.2021 13:07:22

P.S. Это цитата из S. H. Rigby "English Society in the Later Middle Ages". (-)