От Artur Zinatullin
К Василий Фофанов
Дата 25.03.2002 18:50:25
Рубрики Современность; Танки;

Re: Новости с...

> польский ПТ-91.
Недавно в новостях видел фотографии, как малазийские
Большие Начальники его осматривают.
А что, вообще, за танк?

artur@merit.ee :: Artur Zinatullin :: GSM +37 251 11859
guitar, blues, love, friends, summer, !violence, !rush
От Venik
К Artur Zinatullin (25.03.2002 18:50:25)
Дата 25.03.2002 19:17:03

Re: Новости с...

Мое почтение!

PT-91 MBT
Development

The PT-91 MBT, which is also referred to as the Twardy (Hard), is a further development by the Zaklady Mechaniczne Bumar-Labedy SA version of the Russian-designed T-72M1 (covered in detail in a separate entry) which has been produced under licence in Poland for many years.
The first prototype of the PT-91 was completed late in 1992 and underwent trials with the Polish Army.
It was originally understood that 78 PT-91 series MBTs were built but recent information has stated that a total of 226 were built, although some of these could have been conversions of older T-71M1 series MBTs. The manufacturer has the capability to build up to 30 PT-91 MBTs a year. Although the production line is now closed it could be restarted again if significant orders were placed.
In addition to offering new build PT-91 MBTs, Poland is also offering to upgrade users' existing T-72M1 MBTs to the PT-91 standard with the aid of kits.

Description

The PT-91 MBT has a number of improvements over the earlier T-72M1 in the key areas of armour, mobility and firepower. In addition to producing new vehicles to the PT-91 standard, most of these modifications can be backfitted to existing T-72M1s while others, for example the armour package, can be backfitted to other vehicles.
The main improvements of the PT-91 over the original Polish-built T-72M1 can be summarised as follows:

Installation of the Polish-developed explosive reactive armour Type ERAWA-1 and ERAWA-2 to the hull and turret, details of this are given in the entry for the Polish T-72M1 MBT
Four laser warning antennas are fitted around the turret which alerts the crew if it is being targeted by a laser range-finder or designator. This system is known as the OBRA laser warning system and works in automatic and manual modes. The OBRA laser warning system was developed and produced by the Polish company PCO.
Mounted either side of the turret are 12 Tellur smoke grenade dischargers which cover the frontal arc of the vehicle. These are operated in conjunction with the OBRA laser warning system
The skirts are steel with the forward part covered by ERAWA-1 explosive reactive armour blocks
New computerised fire-control system installed, with the gunner's passive image intensification sight having the option of being changed for a Drawa thermal sight. A laser range-finder is fitted as standard and the 125 mm smoothbore main armament is stabilised in both elevation and traverse. The fire-control system has been developed by PCO of Poland.
The commander (POD-72) and driver (PNK-72) have new passive night observation devices
Improved NBC protection system
Installation of hull escape hatch
Driver's seat now provides some protection against mines
The standard T-72M1 MBT 12-cylinder water-cooled supercharged diesel develops 760 hp but for the PT-91 this has been uprated to 850 hp and the cooling system improved. In 1994 it was stated that a 1,000 hp 12-cylinder water-cooled supercharged engine was being tested
The engine and crew compartment have been fitted with a more modern fire detection and suppression system
Tracks are fitted with rubber pads which reduce surface noise as well as improving traction on roads
New communications system installed
The Polish developed rocket-propelled mineclearing system Type PW-LWD can be installed on the rear of the hull.
In addition, the manufacturer also states that parts of the hull of the PT-91 can be fitted with radar-absorbent material.
Recent photographs of the PT-91 released by the manufacturer show a number of differences from the original photographs shown in Jane's Armour and Artillery 1994-95.
The latest vehicle has a higher pole-type met sensor mounted on the left side of the turret roof while the commander's cupola has been redesigned and has a periscopic sight to the front. This may well be stabilised and allows the tank commander full 360є observation without moving his head.
If required the PT-91 can be fitted with the LIW division of Denel Tiger computerised fire-control system which has already been successfully demonstrated in the Polish T-71M1Z MBT, covered in a separate entry.



Enhanced PT-91 for export
Zaklady Mechaniczne Bumar Labedy have developed for the export market an enhanced version of their PT-91 MBT, that is currently in service with the Polish Army.
The original locally produced T-72M1 was powered by a 760 hp 12-cylinder diesel, but the PT-91 is powered by a locally produced 860 hp diesel which gives a power-to-weight ratio of 18.76 hp/tonne. The latest export version of the PT-91 has a computerised fire-control/sighting system and a more powerful engine.
The former is the French SAGEM SAVAN-15 system which is a member of a complete family of computerised fire-control systems, marketed under the Stabilised Aiming Vertical sensing and Navigation (SAVAN) gunner's multichannel stabilised sights.
The SAVAN 20 system is installed in the Giat Industries Leclerc MBT, while the SAVAN 10 is fitted with the British Army's Vickers Defence Systems Challenger 2 MBT.
The tank commander has the SAGEM VIGY 15 stabilised commander's periscope sight, while the gunner has a stabilised day/thermal sighting system incorporating a laser range-finder. This new fire-control system gives the PT-91 the ability to engage stationary and moving targets with a high first-round-hit probability under almost all-weather conditions.
The vehicle is fitted with the locally developed WOLA S-1000 four-stroke turbocharged and after-cooled water-cooled diesel engine developing 1,000 hp at 2,000 rpm. This has already completed some 2,000 km of extensive reliability trials.
Improvements have also been made to the transmission system as well as other detailed upgrades. These include the installation of Diehl Type 840 I tracks that meet western standards and new RPC 9500 communications equipment. Cross-country mobility is improved by the installation of Elastomeric bumpers.
One potential customer for this upgraded PT-91 MBT could be Malaysia. The earlier T-72M1Z-fitted with a South African Denel Tiger fire-control system, was demonstrated several years ago with no sales being made. The Polish company is now concentrating marketing of the latest PT-91 with the French SAGEM system for this and other markets.
This latest PT-91 is regarded as a stepping stone to yet another version Phase C, or PT-91/120 which would feature a NATO calibre 120 mm smoothbore gun. The current PT-91 has a 125 mm smoothbore gun fed by an automatic loader, which first loads the projectile and then the charge.
The NATO 120 mm smoothbore gun fires one-piece ammunition which is loaded manually. The only company to have built a 120 mm automatic loader for this type of ammunition is Giat Industries of France for their Leclerc MBT, of which, over 500 have been built for the home and export market.


Future Polish MBT Fleet
Early in 2002, it was stated that Poland expected to lease 124 ex-German Army Leopard 2 A4 MBTs. This was parallel with a programme to upgrade at least part of their existing T-72 series fleet, to achieve greater interoperability with Poland's NATO allies.
In 2001, Poland withdrew from service 815 T-55A/T-55AM MBTs. This left the Polish Army with 662 T-72 MBTs of which 287 were T-72M/M1D and 226 PT-91 series.
It is expected that by 2006 to 2008 the Polish MBT fleet will consist of about 400 vehicles which is expected to include the 124 German Leopard 2A4s, plus some upgraded T-72/PT-91 series vehicles. The upgrade could well include the installation of a 120 mm smoothbore gun.
A number of Polish companies have submitted proposals for this, including the manufacturer of the PT-91, OBRUM and HSW.


Gorilla MBT
This was being developed as a follow-on to the PT-91 but work on this has now stopped. Details were given in Jane's Armour and Artillery 1995-96.


Specifications

Crew: 3
Combat weight: 45,300 kg
Power-to-weight ratio: 18.76 hp/t
Ground pressure: 0.94 kg/cm2
Length:
(overall, with long-range fuel tanks) 9.67 m
(overall, without long-range fuel tanks) 9.53 m
Width:
(overall) 3.59 m
(over tracks) 3.37 m
Height: (turret roof) 2.19 m
Ground clearance: 0.43 m
Track: 2.79 m
Length of track on ground: 4.27 m
Max road speed: 60 km/h
Max range: 650 km
Gradient: 60%
Side slope: 50%
Vertical obstacle: 0.85 m
Trench: 2.8 m
Fording: (with snorkel) 5 m
Electrical system: 27 V
Batteries: 4 Ч 12 V, 180 Ah
Engine: Type S-12U four-stroke, multifuel, supercharged, water-cooled diesel developing 850 hp at 2,300 rpm
Transmission: manual, 7 forward and 1 reverse gears
Armament:
(main) 1 Ч 125 mm smoothbore D81T (2A46) gun
(coaxial) 1 Ч 7.62 mm PKT MG
(anti-aircraft) 1 Ч 12.7 mm NSV MG
Smoke-laying equipment: 2 Ч 12 smoke grenade launchers plus system integral with exhaust
Ammunition:
(main) 42 (22 ready use)
(7.62 mm) 2,000
(12.7 mm) 300
Turret traverse: 360є
Gun elevation/depression: +13є 47'/-6є 13'
Gun stabiliser:
(vertical) yes
(horizontal) yes
Optics:
(commander's day periscopes) 2 Ч TNPO-160
(driver's day periscope) 1 Ч TNPO-168W
(gunner's day periscope) 1 Ч TNP-165A
(commander's image intensification night periscope) POD-72
(driver's image intensification night periscope) PNK-72
NBC system: yes
Night vision equipment: yes


Status

Production complete. In service with the Polish Army.

Manufacturer

Zaklady Mechaniczne Bumar-Labedy SA.






С уважением, Venik
От Василий Фофанов
К Venik (25.03.2002 19:17:03)
Дата 25.03.2002 20:02:12

Ух ты какая трава. Оказывается это именно поляки придумали эваколюк в корпусе (-)
От Vadim
К Василий Фофанов (25.03.2002 20:02:12)
Дата 25.03.2002 21:00:06

Re: Ух ты...

Приветствую

-------------
: Malaysia will buy Polish tanks
State-of-the-art, speedy PT-91s can help bolster the nation’s defence capabilities
From Syed Nadzri in Warsaw (news@nstp.com.my)

IT is confirmed. Malaysia is buying the PT-91 main battle tank from Poland to boost its defence capabilities.

The announcement by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad at a Press conference yesterday means this will be the country's first real combat tank. Currently it only has light Scorpion tanks in its armoury.

"We have made up our minds. We will buy the Polish tank and now it is up to the officials of both sides to work out the details of the purchase," he said in response to the first question from the Polish media at the conference held at the end of his three-day official visit to the republic.

The reply seemed to have pleased the Polish Press delegation which had been seeking a firm answer from him throughout the visit.

The PT-91 tank is an upgraded version of the famed T-72, dubbed the Russian Tank, which has gained a reputation as a mean machine.

The Prime Minister, accompanied by Defence Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, had spent about two hours watching a demonstration of the tank on Thursday.

The tank has impressive mobility and is said to have a top speed of 60km per hour, very fast for a 45tonne chunk of steel.

It also has state-of-the-art firepower with day and night vision capabilities.

Details of the purchase to be worked out include crucial elements like the cost and payment arrangements as well as how many of the tanks would be acquired and when.

Dr Mahathir said payments, for instance, could be made in kind through the export of palm oil.

At the moment, however, Malaysia has decided only to settle for the main battle tanks and not other logistical support vehicles like tank recovery armoured vehicles and anti-aircraft support tanks.

Asked whether the decision was due to pressure from the Polish Press, Dr Mahathir said Malaysia had been evaluating military equipment from several countries.

"So if we decide to buy, it is because we want to buy and not because of any pressure from anybody," he added.

It is understood that one of the factors considered was the economic spin-offs expected to result from the purchase. Apart from a boost to palm oil exports, support industries are expected to be established to complement the tank batteries.

The Prime Minister was also asked to sum up his whirlwind tour of the north-eastern part of Europe which has taken him to three countries — Russia, Germany and Poland — in less than two weeks.

"It has been a useful visit. Useful contacts have definitely been established with the Government and business sectors of the countries and I'm glad to say that we have been well received."

http://www.nst.com.my/z//Current_News/NST/Sunday/Frontpage/20020324081710
--------------------

Malaysia confirms Polish tank purchase

By MERGAWATI ZULFAKAR
WARSAW: Malaysia yesterday confirmed that it will buy the PT91 main battle tank from Poland.

Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad, in announcing this, however, said details including the quantity, price and conditions would have to be worked out by the two governments.

Asked whether there would be counter-trade or transfer of technology over the purchase, he said there would be various “offset arrangements” in order to benefit both sides.

“We are interested on the export of palm oil and may be part payment in kind rather than cash.

“There will be other discussions on technology transfer and manufacturing in Malaysia. These are details that will have to be worked out by officials,” he said at the end of his three-day official visit to Poland.



COURTESY CALL ... Dr Mahathir looking at a picture of a mosque in Gdansk-Oliwa being shown to him by Imam Selim Chazbijewicz in Gdansk Saturday. - Bernamapic
Malaysia and Poland have been in discussions on possible purchase of military weapons from Warsaw since 1993 but because of the economic crisis, the plans had to be shelved.

During the Prime Minister’s visit here, the Polish Government staged an elaborate demonstration of the PT91 for the Malaysian delegation at the Tadeusz Kosciuszko Warsaw Armoured Brigade camp in Wesola, about 30 minutes’ drive from here.

The PT91 is a main battle tank used in combat and it is an upgraded version of the Russian built T72.

The Malaysian army conducted an extensive evaluation of the vehicle over the past three years to see the adaptability of the tank in local conditions.

Malaysia has been looking for main battle tanks to equip its armoured regiment, which currently operates the British-made Alvis Scorpion light tank as well as several makes of armoured personnel carriers.

Dr Mahathir also spent a day in Gdansk, some 350km from here, on Friday where the Polish had put up an impressive demonstration of naval airwing including its combat search and rescue capabilities.

Asked whether there was pressure by the Polish government to purchase the PT91, Dr Mahathir replied: “I don't think there was any pressure. We have evaluated the weapons systems of many countries.

“We know the relative merits of each and we have decided on main battle tanks from Poland because of the merits.”

On his visits to Russia, Germany and Poland, the Prime Minister described them as very successful, adding that the Malaysian Government had made good contact with these countries.

Dr Mahathir returns home today.

http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2002/3/24/nation/mftanker&sec=nation