А в Эстонии разве не эстонцы как раз то самое меньшинство???
Здравия желаю!...
>>Раньше надо было обеспечивать косовских албанцев гражданскими и политическими правами.
>>Бунтующее меньшинство - главный источник нестабильности.
>У нас сотни тысяч людей лишили местного гражданства за просто так. Албанцы по сравнению с эстонскими русскими имеют в Македонии до%уя прав, так что нечего нам тут лапшу вешать.
Соотношение русских/эстонцев в Эстонии уже изменилось?
Теперь там русские уже меньшинство, да???
>By 1989, Estonians made up 61% of the population,
and the number of immigrants had risen to more than 35%. The
proportion of foreign-born inhabitants to indigenous population was
remarkable by European standards. After Estonia regained its
independence, more than 100 000 former Soviet immigrants returned to
their homeland or resettled in other countries. Emigration figures have
now stabilised and it may be presumed that the ethnic composition of
Estonia will remain the same in the near future.
The present Estonian population of 1.5 million has sometimes been
divided simply into two, with Estonians as the indigenous people (970
000) and Russian-speakers (that is, Russians) as immigrants (520 000).
This division is not correct. Firstly, more than 50 000 ethnic Estonians
are either immigrants or returnees. When Estonia regained its
independence, they were not Estonian citizens. Most of them have now
become nationals. At the same time, parts of the non-Estonian
population - about 40 000 Russians, as well as Latvians, Jews, Finns,
Poles, Gypsies, Tatars, etc. - have maintained long-standing ties with
Estonia. Consequently, about 80 000-100 000 non-Estonians are
nationals by right of birth. Then there are ethnic and religious
subdivisions within the Estonian-speaking population itself: for example,
more than 90% of Estonians are Lutheran, and 7% are Greek Orthodox.
The Setu people (13 000), who live in the south-east corner of Estonia,
are ethnically distinct: they are Orthodox and speak their own Setu
dialect, one of several South Estonian dialects.
The non-Estonian population is even more varied. The largest ethnic
group after Estonians is Russians; according to the 1997 census there
were just over 400 000 Russians (82-85%). Nor are the Russians
homogeneous. Some ethnic Russians have been integrated into
Estonian society for historical reasons, and have no problems with
nationality, allegiance or Estonian language proficiency. Among these
the Old Believers, who number approximately 5000 and who have lived
on the western shores of Lake Peipsi for more than 300 years, are
ethnically distinct.
The rest of the Russians in Estonia are ‘foreign-born’: they are Soviet
immigrants and their offspring, of whom 60 000-70 000 are Estonian
nationals, just over 100 000 are citizens of the Russian Federation, and
about 150 000 have not specified their nationality. The last two groups
are problematic: their knowledge of Estonian is poor, the level of their
integration into Estonian society is low and their national allegiance
uncertain. Their social problems are also acute: higher-than-average
unemployment, insufficient qualifications for gaining work in Estonia,
social non-participation, high rates of crime and drug abuse, etc.
The third largest ethnic group is the Ukrainians. According to the 1989
census, they numbered more than 48 000 and almost all were born in
Estonia. They have lived in the same areas as the Russians and are
facing some serious problems, such as the preservation of their native
language and the establishment of their own school. The same problems
are shared by the Belorussians (ca 28 000) and other ethnic groups
from the former Soviet Union.
Estonian Finns have had a peculiar fate. In Soviet times they numbered
nearly 20 000. Most of them used to live in Ingermanland, in Russia’s
Leningrad oblast, and fled to Estonia after the Second World War to
escape Stalinist genocide. In the 1990s a number of these Ingrians
settled down in Finland. Some of the Ingrians in Estonia have merged
with the Estonian community, some of them with the Russians population.
There are indigenous ethnic Jews as well as Jewish Soviet immigrants in
Estonia. Their total number in 1989 was 4600, but this has diminished
due to their emigration to Israel.
Besides the Estonians, eight ethnic groups are represented by more
than 3000 people and 13 more groups are represented by more than
1000. It is important to note, however, that with the exception of the
smaller groups (Russians on Lake Peipsi, ethnic Jews, ethnic Tatars,
etc.) the minorities do not have a distinct ethnic identity. They tend to be
organically linked to their compatriots across the borders and their ties
with their relatives are much stronger than their ties with their compatriots
in Estonia. Parts of them nonetheless have been assimilated into the
Estonian or Russian communities. This is sociologically valid for all
immigrant groupings in the world.