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The U212-class submarines have been designed to be powered by hydrogen fuel cells instead of traditional atmosphere-dependent propulsion systems. The new submarines will be quietest than previous German models and will be able to stay submerged for longer periods of time. The fuel cells will provide to conventional submarines some features only available for nuclear-powered vessels.
The fuel cell propulsion system based on hydrogen allows the boat to cruise submerged for weeks, typically a diesel-powered submarine can remain submerged for only two days. Fuel Cells generates no noise and no exhaust heat. The Portuguese and Greek Navies have ordered the German hydrogen fuel cell propulsion system for three of their U209-class submarines on order or already in service.
The U212-class is an evolution of proven U209 submarines. The new submarine will be armed with the DM2A4 torpedo and will perform shallow water and open sea missions. It will feature six 533mm torpedo tubes and 12 torpedoes or 24 mines.
The 4 U212 submarines ordered by the German Navy are being built by the ARGE 212 consortium. The Italian Navy has also ordered 2 U212 submarines being built at Fincantieri shipyard. The first U212 submarine achieved operational capability and was commissioned in the German Navy by 2003.
Specifications
Crew 27
Height 11.5 m 38-ft
Length 57.2 m 188-ft
Max Range 12,800 km 6,911 nm
Max Speed 20 kts
Full Displacement 1,800 tons
Displacement 1,500 tons
Number of Weapons 12
Span 7 m 23-ft
Torpedo Tubes 6
The Project 677 or Lada-class submarines have been designed to engage surface ships and submarines as well as to perform surveillance, mine laying, and special operations forces deployment missions. Long range anti-ship missiles, rockets, torpedoes and mines can be fired from the torpedo tubes at the bow. In addition, a highly efficient sonar system and reduced acoustic (noise) emissions will provide improved attack and survivability characteristics over preceding conventionally powered Russian/Soviet submarine classes.
The Project 677 is deemed as the follow-on to successful Project 877 and 636 (Kilo-class) submarines. Acoustic stealthiness has been a major concern in the design of the project 677. The capability to engage multiple targets simultaneously using advanced missiles rather than torpedoes, its large endurance and cruising range, and its suitability for open ocean and shallow waters make the more lethal conventional submarines ever built.
The entire ship has been automated to facilitate operations managing them from submarine's main control room. An Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system based on oxygen-hydrogen fuel cells is being offered for Amur-class submarines as option to achieve extended immersion endurance. The new diesel-electric propulsion system is arranged in a modular compartment which can be plugged into the basic submarine.
The Amur designation is applied for boats of the same class intended for the export market. The Amur-class submarines can differ in customer requirements and operational conditions. Therefore, this means some changes in the submarine equipment and machinery such as propulsion system, sonar, etc.
To date, the Russian Navy remains the only Project 677 operator with a single ship on order. The Saint-Petersburg submarine, an Amur 1650, was laid down in December 1997 at Admiralty Shipyards, and despite lack of funds, it is expected to enter service with the Russian Navy in 2004. Nevertheless, the Russian Navy priority are nuclear-powered submarines with Amur/Lada-class intended for the export market and secondary missions within the Russian Navy.
The Amur 950 submarine is the smallest variant of Project 677 and has been designed to operate in the littoral environment, in deep and shallow waters. In accordance with its size, its overall capabilities are slightly shrank compared to those of bigger Amur 1650. The weapon system consists of four 533mm torpedo tubes with 12 weapons between torpedoes, mines, missiles and rockets at the bow compartment. These submarines can be tailored following customer needs.
Specifications
Crew 21
Depth 300 m 984-ft
Endurance 30 days
Length 60.3 m 198-ft
Max Range 5,556 km 3,000 nm
Max Speed 20 kts
Full Displacement 1,060 tons
Number of Weapons 12
Span 5.6 m 18-ft
Torpedo Tubes 4
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The Project 677 or Lada-class submarines have been designed to engage surface ships and submarines as well as to perform surveillance, mine laying, and special operations forces deployment missions. Long range anti-ship missiles, rockets, torpedoes and mines can be fired from the torpedo tubes at the bow. In addition, a highly efficient sonar system and reduced acoustic (noise) emissions will provide improved attack and survivability characteristics over preceding conventionally powered Russian/Soviet submarine classes.
The Project 677 is deemed as the follow-on to successful Project 877 and 636 (Kilo-class) submarines. Acoustic stealthiness has been a major concern in the design of the project 677. The capability to engage multiple targets simultaneously using advanced missiles rather than torpedoes, its large endurance and cruising range, and its suitability for open ocean and shallow waters make the more lethal conventional submarines ever built.
The entire ship has been automated to facilitate operations managing them from submarine's main control room. An Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system based on oxygen-hydrogen fuel cells is being offered for Amur-class submarines as option to achieve extended immersion endurance. The new diesel-electric propulsion system is arranged in a modular compartment which can be plugged into the basic submarine.
The Amur designation is applied for boats of the same class intended for the export market. The Amur-class submarines can differ in customer requirements and operational conditions. Therefore, this means some changes in the submarine equipment and machinery such as propulsion system, sonar, etc.
To date, the Russian Navy remains the only Project 677 operator with a single ship on order. The Saint-Petersburg submarine, an Amur 1650, was laid down in December 1997 at Admiralty Shipyards, and despite lack of funds, it is expected to enter service with the Russian Navy in 2004. Nevertheless, the Russian Navy priority are nuclear-powered submarines with Amur/Lada-class intended for the export market and secondary missions within the Russian Navy.
The Amur 1650 submarine has been designed to operate in the littoral environment, in deep water and shallow water areas, and in any climate worldwide. It features six 533mm torpedo tubes with 18 weapons between torpedoes, mines, missiles and rockets at the bow compartment. According to Russian reports, it is one of the most quiet and lethal submarines ever built. It can be outfitted with custom equipment depending on customer requirements.
Specifications
Crew 35
Depth 300 m 984-ft
Endurance 45 days
Length 66.8 m 219-ft
Max Range 11,200 km 6,048 nm
Max Speed 21 kts
Full Displacement 1,765 tons
Number of Weapons 18
Span 7.1 m 23-ft
Torpedo Tubes 6
