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Рубрики WWII; Версия для печати

Земсков за рубежом

http://phorum.icelord.net/read.php?f=11&i=25683&t=25683

Итак, после того как Земсков в 1991 году по открытым архивным документам начал публиковать свои работы
(повторюсь:
В.Н.Земсков. ГУЛАГ (историко-социологический аспект) // Социологические исследования. 1991, №6-7.
В.Н.Земсков. Заключенные в 1930-е годы: социально-демографические проблемы // Отечественная история. 1997, №4.
В.Н.Земсков. "Кулацкая ссылка" в 30-е годы // Социологические исследования. 1991, №10.
В.Н.Земсков. Судьба "кулацкой ссылки" // Отечественная история. 1994, №1.)
на диком западе сильно заинтересовались открытыми архивами наших спецслужб
(у них кроме захваченных немцами во время ВОВ областных архивов НКВД ничего кроме догадок не было), и прислали в Россию двух своих спецов - J. Arch Getty и Gabor T. Rittersporn'а.

Из работ Rittersporn'а. в сети чаще всего цитируется: Rittersporn G. Stalinist Simplifications and Soviet Complications. Social Tensions and Political Conflicts in the USSR 1933-1953. - Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991.

Персональная страничка Arch Getty http://www.history.ucla.edu/getty/ на сайте калифорнийского университета(Department of History).
Немного оттуда (у каждого своя мечта:):

His books and articles on the Stalin period of Russian history have been published in the US, England, France, Germany, Japan and Russia. In 1992, his dream came true and he was able to use formerly secret police archives to publish exact data on the number of Stalin's victims. (Everyone has their own dreams...) He now spends 1-2 months per year in Moscow working in the political archives of the former Soviet Communist Party, eating cabbages, watching coups, engaging in currency speculation, and shivering in unheated reading rooms.

Его книги и статьи о Сталинском периоде русской истории были опубликованы в США, Англии, Франции, Германии, Японии и России. В 1992 году сбылась его мечта и он смог опубликовать данные из архивов бывшей спецслужбы о количестве сталинских жертв.(у каждого своя мечта:).
:
Ну и далее его регалии (переводить лениво):
Getty is a Research Fellow of the Russian State Humanities University (Moscow), and has been Senior Fellow of the Harriman Institute (Columbia University), and the Davis Center (Harvard University), as well as Senior Visiting Scholar at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. He is currently a co-investigator with the Stalin Era Research and Archives Project of the University of Toronto on a project to analyze and publish the secret reports from the Soviet secret police to the Politburo on the moods of the population during the Stalin period.
His research has been supported by the American Council of Learned Societies, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Fulbright Foundation, the International Research and Exchanges Board, and the University of California Humanities Research Institute. He is founder and Director of Praxis International, a non-profit foundation that facilitates research travel to Russia, and arranges archival access there for western scholars. In 1993-94 he organized and directed the Moscow Study Center of the University of California Education Abroad Program

Приехав в Москву, J. Arch Getty и Gabor T. Rittersporn , естественно, немедленно получили Земсковым по башке (Или были жутко запуганы Лигачевым) и получили возможность покопаться в архивах НКВД(по проторенным Земсковым тропам).

Ребята оказались на редкость порядочны, и не только подтвердили данные Земскова, но даже взяли его в соавторы. Так родилась их СТАТЬЯ в American Historical Review в 1993 году:

J. Arch Getty, Gabor T. Rittersporn, and Viktor N. Zemskov, "Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-War Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence," American Historical Review 98/4 (October 1993):

Полностью СТАТЬЯ здесь:
http://www.etext.org/Politics/Staljin/Staljin/articles/AHR/AHR.html

Так вот ныне в забугорных университетах изучают статистику ГУЛага по этой СТАТЬЕ, т.е. по Земскову!

Например, ссылки на СТАТЬЮ в списках рекомендуемой литературы на сайтах соответствующих университетов:

Emory University,


The Harriman Institute Columbia University
Colloquium on Soviet History
http://www.columbia.edu/~mlv2/g8364.htm
The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union. Prof. Mark von Hagen
http://www.columbia.edu/~mlv2/w3361.htm

Northeastern University , Boston,
http://www.history.neu.edu/fac/burds/resource.htm

University of Connecticut | Department of History
http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~wwwhist/syllabi_f00/syll401.htm

Simon Fraser University, Canada
http://www.lib.sfu.ca/researchhelp/subjectguides/hist/classes/hist023419.htm

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO AT MISSISSAUGA
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
http://www.erin.utoronto.ca/academic/polisci/204.html

Universitat Konstanz
http://www.uni-konstanz.de/osteuropa-geschichte/OEDver_sose03.html

The University of Tokyo - шикарно смотрится среди иероглифов
http://www.j.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~shiokawa/works/zentaishugi.htm


Исторический семинар фрайбургского университета:
Historisches Seminar der Universitat Freiburg
http://www.geschichte.uni-freiburg.de/neutatz/lv/ws2002/vl_lit05.html
http://www.geschichte.uni-freiburg.de/neutatz/lv/ws2002/vl_fol13.html

Universitetet i Oslos
http://folk.uio.no/christie/dokumenter/Straffens%20geografi%20Dansk.html

University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
http://www.uwm.edu/Course/448-343/index4.html

и с графиками:


University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
http://www.unc.edu/courses/2003fall/hist/186b/001/victims.htm

University of Utah
http://lists.econ.utah.edu/pipermail/leninist-international/1999-July/004561.html



Есть ссылки и на другие работы:
http://www.euronet.nl/users/sota/pohlbiblio.html

Zemskov, V.N. "Massovoe osvobzhdenie spetsposelentsev i ssyllnynkh (1954-1960 gg.)" [Massive liberation of special settlers and exiles (1954-1960)]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, no. 1, 1991. An account of the release of special settlers during the six years after Stalin's death. It contains a number of tables illustrating the steady decrease of special settlers in the mid 1950s due to releases and amnesties.
Zemskov, V.N. "Zakliuchenye, spetsposelentsy, ssyl'noposelentsy, ssylne, i vyslanye" [Prisoners, special settlers, exiled settlers, exiles, and banishees]. Istoriia SSSR, no. 5, 1991. This article contains three tables dealing with the number of people in Gulag labor camps, labor colonies, prisons, and special settlements. The table on special settlers is accompanied by a set of explanatory footnotes. The bulk of the article consists of a comprehensive listing of the geographic location of special settlers by contingent on 1 January 1953.
Zemskov, V.N. " Gulag (istoriko-sotsiologicheskii aspekt)" [Gulag (historical-socialogical aspect)]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, nos. 6 and 7, 1991. This two-part article is a comprehensive description of the Gulag's corrective labor camps, corrective labor colonies, and prisons from 1934 to 1953. It provides a great deal of information on the composition of the Gulag's prisoners. This article contains tables that break down the Gulag population by nationality, gender, type of crime, age, and other criteria.
Zemskov, V.N. "Kulatskaia ssylka v 30-e gody" [Kulak exile in the 30s]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, no. 10, 1991. This article is a comprehensive description of the kulaks exiled to special settlements during the collectivization of agriculture from 1929 to 1931. It does for the kulaks in special settlements what "Gulag (istoriko-sotsiologicheskii aspekt)" does for corrective labor camps and corrective labor colonies.

А вот великолепная книга Ludo Martens'а:
Another view of Stalin Другая история Сталина (Привет Валянскому и Калюжному :))

http://www.plp.org/books/Stalin/node121.html
Then the USSR split up and Gorbachev's disciples were able to grab the Soviet archives. In 1990, the Soviet historians Zemskov and Dugin published the unedited statistics for the Gulag. They contain the arrivals and departures, right down to the last person.
Unexpected consequence: These accounting books made it possible to remove Conquest's scientific mask.
In 1934, Conquest counted 5 million political detainees. In fact there were between 127,000 and 170,000. The exact number of all detained in the work camps, political and common law combined, was 510,307. The political prisoners formed only 25 to 35 per cent of the detainees. To the approximately 150,000 detainees, Conquest added 4,850,000. Small detail!
Annually, Conquest estimated an average of 8 million detainees in the camps. And Medvedev 12 to 13 million. In fact, the number of political detainees oscillated between a minimum of 127,000 in 1934 and a maximum of 500,000 during the two war years, 1941 and 1942. The real figures were therefore multiplied by a factor of between 16 and 26. When the average number of detainees was somewhere between 236,000 and 315,000 political detainees, Conquest `invented' 7,700,000 extra! Marginal statistical error, of course. Our school books, our newspapers, do not give the real figure of around 272,000, but the horror of 8,000,000!

Здесь Zemskov'ым по башке получает Р. Конквест, с которого от этого слетает маска научности:

А вот еще одна великолепная книга- Ложь в истории СССР:
Mario Sousa, Lies concerning the history of the Soviet Union, June 15 1998
http://www.etext.org/Politics/Staljin/Staljin/articles/lies/lies.html

Gorbachev opens the archives Горбачев открывает архивы, результаты публикуют в малотиражных научных изданиях, практически неизвестных широкой публике, и их тотально игнорируют СМИ и у нас и на Западе. Горбачевская свободная пресса, бившаяся в истерии по поводу репрессии, повторяя ложь Конквеста и Солженицына, внезапно потеряла всякий интерес к теме - одновременно с публикацией реальных цифр:
http://www.etext.org/Politics/Staljin/Staljin/articles/lies/node13.html
The collection of fantasy figures set out above, the product of extremely well paid fabrication, appeared in the bourgeois press in the 1960s, always presented as true facts ascertained through the application of scientific method.
Behind these fabrications lurked the western secret services, mainly the CIA and MI5. The impact of the mass media on public opinion is so great that the figures are even today believed to be true by large sections of the population of Western countries.
This shameful situation has worsened. In the Soviet Union itself, where Solzhenitsyn and other well-known 'critics' such as Andrei Sakharov and Roy Medvedev could find nobody to support their many fantasies, a significant change took place in 1990. In the new 'free press' opened up under Gorbachev, everything opposed to socialism was hailed as positive, with disastrous results. Unprecedented speculative inflation began to take place in the numbers of those who were alleged to have died or been imprisoned under socialism, now all mixed up into a single group of tens of millions of 'victims' of the communists.
The hysteria of Gorbachev's new free press brought to the fore the lies of Conquest and Solzhenitsyn. At the same time Gorbachev opened up the archives of the Central Committee to historical research, a demand of the free press. The opening up of the archives of the Central Committee of the Communist Party is really the central issue in this tangled tale, this for two reasons: partly because in the archives can be found the facts that can shed light on the truth. But even more important is the fact that those speculating wildly on the number of people killed and imprisoned in the Soviet Union had all been claiming for years that the day the archives were opened up the figures they were citing would be confirmed. Every one of these speculators in the dead and incarcerated claimed that this would be the case: Conquest, Sakharov, Medvedev, and all the rest. But when the archives were opened up and research reports based on the actual documents began to be published a very strange thing happened. Suddenly both Gorbachev's free press nor the speculators in dead and incarcerated completely lost interest in the archives.
The results of the research carried out on the archives of the Central Committee by Russian historians Zemskov, Dougin and Xlevnjuk, which began to appear in scientific journals as from 1990, went entirely unremarked. The reports containing the results of this historical research went completely against the inflationary current as regards the numbers who were being claimed by the 'free press' to have died or been incarcerated. Therefore their contents remained unpublicised. The reports were published in low-circulation scientific journals practically unknown to the public at large. Reports of the results of scientific research could hardly compete with the press hysteria, so the lies of Conquest and Solzhenitsyn continued to gain the support of many sectors of the former Soviet Union's population. In the West also, the reports of the Russian researchers on the penal system under Stalin were totally ignored on the front pages of newspapers, and by TV news broadcasts. Why?2

А все дело в том, что уже в 1997-98 годах количество заключенных в США(богатейшей стране мира, потребляющей 60% мировых ресурсов), как в абсолютных цифрах так и на душу населения превысило достижения сталинского СССР. Уусловия заключения в США толком никому неизвестны:
http://www.etext.org/Politics/Staljin/Staljin/articles/lies/node18.html
In the United States of America, for example, a country of 252 million inhabitants (in 1996), the richest country in the world, which consumes 60% of the world resources, how many people are in prison? What is the situation in the US, a country not threatened by any war and where there are no deep social changes affecting economic stability?
In a rather small news item appearing in the newspapers of August 1997, the FLT-AP news agency reported that in the US there had never previously been so many people in the prison system as the 5.5 million held in 1996. This represents an increase of 200,000 people since 1995 and means that the number of criminals in the US equals 2.8% of the adult population. These data are available to all those who are part of the North American department of justice. (Bureau of Justice Statistics Home page, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ ) . The number of convicts in the US today is 3 million higher than the maximum number ever held in the Soviet Union! In the Soviet Union there was a maximum of 2.4% of the adult population in prison for their crimes - in the US the figure is 2.8%, and rising! According to a press release put out by the US department of justice on 18 January 1998, the number of convicts in the US in 1997 rose by 96,100.
As far as the Soviet labour camps were concerned, it is true that the regime was harsh and difficult for the prisoners, but what is the situation today in the prisons of the US, which are rife with violence, drugs, prostitution, sexual slavery (290,000 rapes a year in US prisons). Nobody feels safe in US prisons! And this today, and in a society richer than ever before!