|
|
От
|
Exeter
|
|
|
К
|
И. Кошкин
|
|
|
Дата
|
09.01.2003 00:57:23
|
|
|
Рубрики
|
11-19 век;
|
|
Хм...
Запустил гуглю, уважаемый И.Кошкин.
"Manila pirates 1574"
Везде китайцы поминаются :-))
http://www.aenet.org/philip/manila.htm
The rule of the Spanish conquerers of the "City of Soliman" was full of dangers, since the people were opposed to foreign sovereignty. Consequently, the city was frequently the scene of serious disturbances. The Chinese, angered by the loss of free trade, the commercial restrictions placed by the untrusting Spanish upon them, and the laws forcing them to pay tribute to Spain, made several efforts to destroy the Spaniards.
The first of these Chinese revolts occurred in 1574, when a force of some 3,000 men and 62 Chinese warships under the command of Limahong attacked the city. This attenpt proved fruitless, the Chinese being defeated with heavy losses. As a safeguard against similar uprisings later, the Chinese residents and merchants of Manila were confined to a separate district, called "Parian de Alcaceria."
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860349.html
Manila repulsed the attack of the Chinese pirate Limahong in 1574. For centuries before the Spanish arrived the Chinese had traded with the Filipinos, but evidently none had settled permanently in the islands until after the conquest. Chinese trade and labor were of great importance in the early development of the Spanish colony, but the Chinese came to be feared and hated because of their increasing numbers, and in 1603 the Spanish murdered thousands of them (later, there were lesser massacres of the Chinese).
http://www.indonesiamedia.com/2002/june/english-0602-different.htm
In 1574 a Chinese outlaw named Lim Ah Hong besieged the Spanish garrison in the citadel, and nearly took Manila, making the Spanish governor to wish for a good relationship with an empire whose pirates were able to rock the Spanish power in Asia.
По набору слов "Manila Japanese 1574" -
не обнаружено ни одного упоминания о японских пиратах/бойцах и т.п. - только о немногочисленных японских поселенцах.
С уважением, Exeter