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	От	Vadim
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	Дата	24.12.2002 06:48:24
	Рубрики	Современность; Армия;

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>Только вот что-то текст статьи у меня не открылся...

Xмм, проверял вроде, может зип не весь, ну да ладно, вот текст, пусть администрация простит за большой постинг.

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Date Posted: 19 July 2002
Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics

Softskin vehicles making a move towards taking centre stage

Heavy armour has traditionally taken centre stage at any land forces exhibition. Although, with the logistic and supply burdens of ever-increasing numbers of long-term peacekeeping-style operations for lighter, leaner forces coming to the fore, Eurosatory 2002 saw a strong truck-manufacturing presence, and despite the considerable globalisation of the truck industry in recent years.
Certainly one of the most attention-grabbing of truck exhibits at the show was the six-axle 12 × 12 TATRA T816-6MWR8T 45 373 12x12.1R. Motive power is provided by a 440 bhp Cummins ISM diesel engine coupled to a Twin Disc six-speed automatic transmission. All six leaf sprung axles utilise TATRA's swinging half-axle suspension system, the front and rear steer-drive axle pairs being fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers. Chassis-cab weight of the 14.03 m vehicle is 18,440 kg, giving a maximum payload of 26,560 kg. A similar five-axle 10 × 10 design has been demonstrated mounting the Smerch multiple rocket system (MRS). The Indian Army has carried out a series of test firings of the Russian Splav 300 mm BM 9A52 (12 round) Smerch multiple rocket system, with additional test firings due to take place soon. Some sources indicate that India has already ordered the Smerch system (Jane's Defence Weekly 10 July). TATRA trucks are license-built in India by Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML). In November 2001, it was announced that the Czech government had approved the purchase of a 92 per cent stake in TATRA a. s. by SDC International of the US.
Also attracting considerable attention was the cab-forward variant of the Oshkosh MTVR (Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement). Carrying the designation `Z Series', the design retains the fully independent suspension set-up of the US Marines' MTVR, but at the expense of a bonnet relocates the engine transversely behind a cab similar to that fitted to Oshkosh's HEMMT and PLS designs. Oshkosh Truck Corporation is one of four remaining contenders for the UK MoD's approximate 8,500 truck Support Vehicle requirement and with bids due for submission by 25 June, it had been believed the Z-Series would form a major part of the company's bid. It did not, JMVL sources indicating Oshkosh offered a primarily MTVR-based solution, the larger 8 × 8 vehicles featuring a tridem rear bogie arrangement as opposed to the more conventional front/rear axle pairings.
The other incumbent supplier of purpose-designed tactical trucks to US armed forces is Stewart & Stevenson, which teamed with Multidrive of the UK, also remain in the Support Vehicle programme. Eurosatory 2002 saw Stewart & Stevenson display its latest FMTV (Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles) variant, the FMTV-LHS fitted with a load handling system (LHS) rated at 8,000 kg capacity. The US Army currently has requirements for 83,000 FMTVs, over 21,000 of which will have been delivered by September 2003.
More conventional in design are Scania's current range of military trucks, all based on the modular use of components from the company's 4-Series commercial range. Among Scania's exhibits was an 8 × 8 design fitted with a Multilift load handling system (LHS), one of 66 vehicles (57 with LHS) delivered to the Swedish Army during 2001. These vehicles follow the increasing trend of providing crew protection, their armoured cab developed jointly between Scania and the Swedish Defence Matériel Administration (FMV) offering protection from 7.62 mm AP ammunition and the blast from an anti-tank mine. Along with a Mercedes-Benz Actros-based design, two similar vehicles are currently undergoing around 12 months of competitive trials for a Netherlands armed forces requirement for between 791 and 1,530 vehicles.
The French military has the reputation for not readily purchasing anything other than French equipment, which makes the Scania T-Cab also displayed by Scania all the more interesting. Based on Scania's flagship bonneted range, the French Army has recently received 12 T144GB 6x4 NZ530 6 × 4 T-Cab tractor trucks rated at 124 tonne gross combination weight (GCW). These are similar to 150-tonne GCW vehicles previously delivered to the Belgian (26) and Swedish (31) armies. All are powered by a Scania V8 turbocharged diesel developing 530 hp, driving the rear bogie only (6 × 4) through a nine-speed Scania gearbox and torque converter.
Another recent French Army purchase was that of 110 Sisu 480 E-Tech 6 × 4 tractor trucks for the transport of loads weighing up to a maximum of 50 tonnes. In service these trucks will replace earlier Renault 6 × 4 tractor trucks. Sisu of Finland (owned by Partek) has close ties with Renault of France (Renault is owned by Volvo of Sweden). Renault market Sisu trucks worldwide - with the exception of Finland, Russia and the Baltic countries - and Renault commercial cabs are fitted to the Sisu heavy-duty truck range, while Sisu drivetrain components are options on some Renault trucks. The French Army's 480 E-Tech tractor trucks will be built in Finland, but will have the original Sisu double-drive rear bogie replaced with a Renault unit, while the Cummins engine usually fitted in Sisu trucks will be replaced by a 480 hp Mack unit, Mack being owned by Renault.
Similar in appearance to the Sisu vehicle is the Renault KERAX 6 × 4 tractor truck also displayed at Eurosatory 2002. And while the cab looks similar to any conventional Renault/Sisu cab it features a roof that lifts off, a windscreen that folds forward and doors that are easily removable. Making the vehicle air-transportable, this type of cab can be fitted throughout the KERAX range and is in service with French armed forces.
One alternative to the Renault approach is to purpose-design and fit an air-transportable cab as IVECO did for its latest Multipurpose Military Vehicle (MMV). It is understood that had Leyland not withdrawn from the UK MoD's Support Vehicle requirement, Leyland's vehicles would have been fitted with IVECO's MMV cab that utilises the same armouring system as the IVECO Multirole Light Vehicle (MLV).
Germany's MAN, another of the UK's Support Vehicle remaining bidders, was displaying two vehicles. The first, a 6 × 6 High Mobility Tactical Truck featuring coil spring suspension and the MAN modular military cab, appears to be a revised and updated version of the current SX range. The SX range is likely to form a significant part of MAN's bid for the UK programme. It is becoming clear that a militarised commercial design could not meet the UK MoD's stringent requirements that included cab armouring options and air-transportability by C-130 Hercules aircraft for 6,000 kg (essential) and 9,000 kg (desirable) payload trucks. However, there remain many roles and requirements for which militarised commercial designs are well suited and MAN's second exhibit, a militarised M2000, is a typical example of this type of truck. Destined for an unspecified Asian customer, understood by Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics to be Singapore, the 16.284 LAERC 4 × 4 has large single tyres, a central tyre inflation (CTI) system and is powered by a 267 bhp MAN six-cylinder diesel coupled to an Allison automatic gearbox and two-speed transfer box, giving a fully laden vehicle a >16 hp/tonne power-to-weight ratio.
Also bidding for the UK's Support Vehicle requirement is Mercedes-Benz whose Eurosatory 2002 showings included its latest bonneted truck that features a modular cab design. It has yet to be confirmed but Mercedes-Benz are believed to have offered a 4 × 4 variant for the 6,000 kg requirement, a 6 × 6 variant for the 9,000 kg requirement, and for the 15,000 kg and heavy recovery vehicle, an 8 × 8 variant using the same crew capsule, but with it located before the engine. Mercedes-Benz also militarise its commercial Atego and heavier Actros ranges, the Atego displayed destined for an unspecified European customer.
Also displayed by Mercedes-Benz was the latest version of the military Unimog. The grille has been reshaped to accommodate the radiator that comes with the new OM 904 LA four-cylinder EURO 3 emissions compliant engine (150 or 177 bhp, model dependant). For the first time the military Unimog is now fitted an EPS (Electronic Pneumatic Shift) gearbox, an eight-speed unit with eight forward and six reverse gears, with the option of a further eight forward and six reverse, working gears.
Giat Industries' Caesar self-propelled howitzer is based on a 6 × 6 Unimog chassis. Mounting a 155 mm 52 calibre gun, Caesar weighs 17,700 kg and is air-transportable by C-130 Hercules transport aircraft. Caesar has been demonstrated to potential export customers including Malaysia (September to October 1999) and more recently to the USA. In late 2000 the French DGA awarded Giat Industries a contract for five examples for delivery to the French Army by the Spring of 2003. The first production model was displayed at Eurosatory 2002. Also displayed was a dedicated ammunition resupply vehicle, it also being based on a 6 × 6 Unimog chassis. A total of 72 rounds (projectiles and charges) of ammunition are carried in a total of six containers, handled by an on-board hydraulic crane.
Another 6 × 6 design, and one being promoted by Renault as a cost-effective competitor to the larger payload Unimogs is the Renault GBC 180 5,000 kg truck. Renault, in an industrial partnership with the French Army establishment at Neuvy Pailoux, has so far rebuilt over 2,000 aged Berliet GBC 8KT 4,000 kg trucks giving them a new engine, gearbox, transfer box, electrical and braking system, and a completely new cab, the refurbished vehicle being the Renault GBC 180. Over 18,000 GBC 8KT trucks were produced and the type has seen widespread service, known users including Algeria, Austria, China, Iraq, Morocco and Portugal, giving considerable potential for further upgrade programmes.
Another French design to see widespread service is the ACMAT VLRA (Véhicule de Liaison, de Reconnaissance et d'Appui) 4 × 4. Originally developed in the late 1950s specifically for use in the Sahara, the design of the base vehicle - that remains in production - is virtually unchanged to this day. Continuing developments have seen the introduction of the 6 × 6 VLRA and the addition of the ACMAT MTV (Medium Tactical Vehicle) family. In keeping with current trends, fully armoured designs based on the VLRA design are available (and currently competing in at least two European programmes), and a 6 × 6 VLRA with an armoured crew cab was first displayed in 1996. Eurosatory 2002 saw a 6 × 6 with a fully armoured double-cab displayed.
Adopting a robust and durable design philosophy similar to that of the ACMAT is the Swiss Bucher Duro. Produced in 4 × 4 and 6 × 6 configurations, the DURO features a tubular torsion-free chassis fitted with an integral roll-stabiliser and utilises De-Dion axles with patented stabilisers and Torsion self-locking differentials. Over 3,000 DUROs are in service with Swiss armed forces and Venezuela has ordered 300 4 × 4s (in two batches of 150). The 6 × 6 displayed at Eurosatory 2002 was the latest variant, 82 examples of which are currently being supplied to the UK MoD. This latest variant of the DURO is powered by a EURO 3 emissions compliant 185 bhp Cummins ISBe engine coupled to an Allison automatic transmission with five forward and one reverse gears.
Towards the lighter end of the scale is the ubiquitous AM General HMMWV, of which numerous variants were displayed. Also displayed was the Spanish URO VAMTAC, one of the ever-growing family of HMMWV lookalikes. Around 500 VAMTACs are currently in service with Spanish armed forces, a further 50 having been supplied to the Dominican Republic.
At the lightest end of the wheeled vehicle scale, the so-called light utility vehicle, exhibits included the first prototype of the latest Santana design. While bearing an outward resemblance to the Land Rover-based vehicles previously manufactured by this Spanish manufacturer, it is prudent to point out there is now no connection between the two companies. DaimlerChrysler also seized the opportunity to display the latest Jeep Wrangler TJL, due to enter production in Egypt in late 2002 for the Egyptian armed forces.
SNAA (Société Nouvelle des Automobiles Auverland), formerly Auverland-SOVAMAG, displayed a number of vehicles including the functional and robust Sovamag TC24, the type being in use by the French government and currently under evaluation in Bangladesh. Also displayed were examples of the Auverland A3F fast attack vehicle, 245 examples of which are currently being delivered to the French Army's 11th Airborne Division.
No mention, no matter how brief, of light vehicles would be complete without some reference to the G-Wagon, Land Rover and the Pinzgauer. Displayed for the first time was the most recent variant of the Mercedes-Benz G-Wagon, powered by the latest five-cylinder common rail 270 CDI diesel engine coupled to a five-speed automatic transmission. Land Rover's exhibits included a discretely armoured version of the latest generation Range Rover, while Automotive Technik of the UK (now the license producer of Pinzgauer light vehicles) displayed the TUM (HD) Weapons Platform based on the Pinzgauer 4 × 4.

Of course, no show report in a style such as this can hope to be fully comprehensive, space constraints often seeing more vehicles or items of equipment omitted than can possibly be featured. However, full details of all the vehicles mentioned (plus many of those not) can be found in Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics 2002/2003.

Certainly one of the most attention-grabbing of truck exhibits at the show was the six-axle 12 × 12 TATRA T816-6MWR8T 45 373 12×12.1R (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

Among Scania's exhibits was an 8 × 8 design fitted with a Multilift load handling system (LHS), one of 66 vehicles (57 with LHS) delivered to the Swedish Army during 2001. These vehicles follow the increasing trend of providing crew protection, their armoured cab developed jointly between Scania and the Swedish Defence Matériel Administration (FMV) offering protection from 7.62 mm AP ammunition and the blast from an anti-tank mine (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

Based on Scania's commercial flagship bonneted range, the French Army has recently received 12 T144GB6x4NZ530 6 × 4 T-Cab tractor trucks rated at 124 tonne gross combination weight (GCW) (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

The French Army recently ordered 110 Sisu 480 E-Tech 6 × 4 tractor trucks for the transport of loads weighing up to a maximum of 50 tonnes (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

This cab may look similar to any conventional Renault/Sisu cab but it features a roof that lifts off, a windscreen that folds forward and doors that are easily removable, enabling the vehicle to be air-transportable. This type of cab can be fitted throughout the KERAX range and is in service with French armed forces (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

It is understood that had Leyland not withdrawn from the UK MoD's Support Vehicle requirement, Leyland's vehicles would have been fitted with IVECO's Multipurpose Military Vehicle cab that utilises the same armouring system as the IVECO Multirole Light Vehicle (MLV) (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

This MAN 6 × 6 High Mobility Tactical Truck appears to be a revised version of the current SX range, a range likely to be prominent in MAN's bid for the UK's Support Vehicle requirement (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

The MAN 16.284 LAERC 4 × 4 from the M2000 range is a militarised commercial type. Military features include large single tyres, a central tyre inflation (CTI) system and a 267 bhp MAN six-cylinder diesel coupled to an Allison automatic gearbox and two-speed transfer box, giving a fully laden vehicle a >16 hp/tonne power-to-weight ratio (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

Mercedes-Benz latest bonneted truck is understood to have been offered to the UK MoD as part of the company's Support Vehicle requirement bid (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

Like MAN, Mercedes-Benz also militarise their commercial Atego and heavier Actros ranges, this Atego displayed is destined for an unspecified European customer (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

The latest version of the military Unimog features changes that include a reshaped grille to accommodate the radiator that comes with the new OM 904 LA four-cylinder EURO 3 emissions compliant engine (150 or 177 bhp, model dependant), and for the first time the military Unimog is fitted an EPS (Electronic Pneumatic Shift) gearbox (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

Giat Industries' Caesar self-propelled howitzer is based on a 6 × 6 Unimog chassis. In late 2000 the French DGA awarded Giat a contract for five examples for delivery to the French Army by the Spring of 2003 (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

Displayed alongside Caesar was a dedicated ammunition resupply vehicle, it also being based on a 6 × 6 Unimog chassis. A total of 72 rounds (projectiles and charges) of ammunition are carried in a total of six containers, handled by an on-board hydraulic crane (Shaun C Connors
(2002)

Renault, in an industrial partnership with the French Army establishment at Neuvy Pailoux, has so far rebuilt over 2,000 aged Berliet GBC 8KT 4,000 kg trucks giving them a new engine, gearbox, transfer box, electrical and braking system, and a completely new cab, the refurbished vehicle being the Renault GBC 180 (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

A 6 × 6 ACMAT VLRA with an armoured crew cab was first displayed in 1996, Eurosatory 2002 saw a variant with a fully armoured double-cab displayed for the first time (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

Over 3,000 Bucher DUROs are in service with Swiss armed forces and 300 4 × 4s have been ordered by Venezuela. The 6 × 6 displayed at Eurosatory 2002 was the latest EURO 3 emissions compliant variant, 82 examples of which are currently being supplied to the UK MoD (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

DaimlerChrysler seized the opportunity to display the latest Jeep Wrangler TJL. Global market potential is currently being assessed, the type due to enter production in Egypt late 2002 for the Egyptian armed forces (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

SNAA (Société Nouvelle des Automobiles Auverland), formerly Auverland-SOVAMAG, displayed the Sovamag TC24 which is currently under evaluation in Bangladesh in the light gun tractor role (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

SNAA (Société Nouvelle des Automobiles Auverland), formerly Auverland-SOVAMAG, also displayed the Auverland A3F fast attack vehicle, 245 examples of which are currently being delivered to the French Army's 11th Airborne Division (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)

Land Rover's exhibits included a discretely armoured version of the latest generation Range Rover (Shaun C Connors)
(2002)