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apple16
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Олег Радько
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13.11.2002 11:01:37
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Прочее; Современность;
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Otomat/Teseo
4 Images
OFFENSIVE WEAPONS, INTERNATIONAL
Date Posted: 11 July 2002
Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems 38
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Otomat/Teseo
Type
Short-range, ship- and ground-launched, turbojet-powered, single warhead, surface-to-surface missiles.
Development
The Otomat anti-ship missile was developed as a private venture by Otobreda (now MBDA, part of EADS) with Matra (now MBDA) from 1969. Firing trials began in 1971, with the first complete system test in 1972, and the first production missile was accepted in 1976 by the Italian Navy. Development of an extended range version, Mk 2, began in the early 1980s, with final qualification tests in November 1983. From this, the French developed a lightweight version, Otomat Compact, with a new launcher-container. Coastal defence versions have also been produced and Otomat will be the basis for the French-Italian 'MIssile de Lutte Anti-Sous-marine' Anti-Submarine Warfare (MILAS ASW) torpedo delivery system. In the Italian Navy the missile control system is known as Teseo, and sometimes the Otomat Mk 2 is referred to as the Teseo 2 system. An Otomat Mk 3 development programme was started in 1994, with an improved dual-mode IIR/active radar seeker and a programmed guidance system. Different approaches were taken with Otomat Mk 3, the Italian version had an increased range capability to 300 km and this version was separately marketed as Teseo 3. Discussions were held in 1995 between the Italian and US navies and it was reported that a modified Teseo 3, called Ulisee (or Ulixes), might have been jointly developed, but the US interest did not materialise. Ulisee would have improved stealth and mid-course updates and was planned for a ship, ground or air launch. This version would also have an increased speed, to M0.95, for the terminal phase. In 1998, it was reported that Italy and Sweden might co-operate on the Teseo 3 (or Ulisee) programme, but by 1999 Italy was proceeding alone. A Next Generation Anti-Surface Missile (NGASM) proposal was made to the Italian MoD in 2001, as a replacement for the Teseo 3 project. This version would have a range of 200 to 250 km. A dual-mode IIR and X-band active radar seeker development programme was funded in 1999, and this radar is to have a ground mapping capability. A datalink development was started in 2001. A block 3 upgrade to Otomat Mk 2 has been developed, introducing insensitive boost motors and warheads. A block 4 upgrade is planned for development with reduced volume electronics, more fuel, GPS guidance and a new signal processor for littoral warfare and land attack. The block 4 upgrade will also include an upgraded digital weapon control system. It is expected that the Otomat Mk 2 block 4 and the NGASM programmes will be co-ordinated.
The Otomat missile is fitted to the Italian light aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi and the cruiser Vittorio Veneto, in four-launch canisters; destroyers of the `De La Penne' and `Audace' class, with eight missiles in four twin launchers; frigates of the `Maestrale' and `Lupo' classes with four and eight missiles respectively; and corvettes of the `Minerva' class are fitted for, but not with, four missile launch canisters. Otomat is fitted to `Madina' class F2000 frigates belonging to the Royal Saudi Navy, with an eight missile system. Both Otomat Mk 2 and the MILAS anti-submarine missiles are planned to be launched from the same launchers and use the same weapons consoles, with up to 12 Otomat and MILAS missiles being controlled by the same weapons system.
Description
Otomat has a cylindrical body with a blunt nose and a belled exhaust nozzle at the tail. There are four delta-shaped wings at mid-body with command receivers fitted to the wingtips and four small clipped triangular moving control fins at the rear. The wings are fixed on the Mk 1 but folded on the Mk 2. The missile is 4.46 m long and has a body diameter of 0.46 m at its widest point. The launch weight is 770 kg, with two jettisonable 75 kg booster motors and a 210 kg warhead. Otomat is mounted in a sealed container, which is used for storage, transport and launch. The container is fitted to deck mountings or a coastal battery truck body and the containers are pre-aligned at the correct launch angle (15º). Target co-ordinates can be obtained from the launch platform sensors, limiting the range to about 60 km, and this is the system operation for Otomat Mk 1. For Otomat Mk 2 the system range was extended by using either other ships, aircraft or helicopters for over-the-horizon targeting, giving an increased range of up to 180 km. At launch the weapon climbs to an initial height of 250 m at a distance of about 600 m from the launcher. The autopilot/altimeter system then commands it to descend to its cruising altitude of 20 m for the mid-course phase. During this phase the guidance system can receive command updates on the target position. At a predetermined point from the target, the azimuth-only active radar seeker is activated in 20º left/right azimuth scan search mode. When the target is found and the radar seeker locks on, the missile is commanded to descend to its final attack sea-skimming mode. However, the full range of 180 km for Otomat Mk 2 can only be achieved with over-the-horizon targeting assistance, otherwise the range is limited to 80 km.
In the case of the French supplied missile (also used in the coastal variant), the seeker operates in azimuth and elevation; at seeker lock-on the missile is commanded to climb to about 2,000 m in order to attack in a 7º dive. Propulsion for the boost phase is provided by two 75 kg weight, jettisonable, 3,500 kg thrust, four-second burn, solid-propellant motors mounted on either side of the missile body. The sustainer motor is a Turbomeca TR281 400 kg thrust turbojet, which gives the missile a cruise speed of about M0.9. The Extended Range Targeting of Otomat (ERATO) mounted on board `Madina' frigates of the Royal Saudi Navy, has the capability to launch missiles at three second intervals and to control up to eight missiles in flight simultaneously to six different ship targets.
The Italian version, Teseo 3, (or Ulisee/Ulixes) had an increased weight to 800 kg and an increased range of 250 km. Teseo 3 had a dual-mode active radar/imaging IR seeker and could be used against both ship and land targets. The missile was 5.6 m long and had a lighter HE SAP warhead at 160 kg. It is reported that an INS/GPS guidance unit and a digital datalink have been added, so that target designation may be updated from a separate aircraft or helicopter.
A combined Otomat Mk 2 and MILAS ship- or ground-based weapons control system has been developed, to enable the mission planning and firing of combinations of the anti-ship and anti-submarine missiles. Most ships can carry up to 12 missiles, and these can be launched from canisters oriented as required to clear obstructions, as both missiles can change course after launch by up to 210º.
While most Otomat missiles are mounted on ships, a series of C-13 tracked vehicles has been proposed for the ground-launched coastal defence Otomat system. The tracked vehicles would include a two missile launch vehicle, a surveillance/engagement radar on a command and control vehicle and a datalink vehicle. An additional surveillance radar could be located on high ground or mounted on a light aircraft or helicopter to increase the Otomat system range.
Operational status
Otomat Mk 1 entered service in 1976 and the Mk 2 version in 1984. The Mk 2 version is still in production, and a total of 1,080 Mk 1 and Mk 2 missiles has been built or are on order for fitting to 100 ships. A Mk 3 version was in development, but is believed to have been terminated in 1999. The alternative longer range Teseo 3 (Ulisee/Ulixes) was expected to be available by 2003, but is believed to have been changed to the NGASM programme, which is expected to start development in 2005. The prime Otomat missile user is Italy, with export sales to Bangladesh, Egypt, Iraq, Kenya, Libya, Malaysia, Morocco, Nigeria, Peru, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. The Otomat coastal defence system is in service with Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Malaysia ordered Otomat Mk 2 block 3 missiles in 1997, and the first missile was tested in June 2000. The block 4 version might be combined with the NGASM programme at some future date.
Specifications
Otomat Mk 1
Length: 4.46 m
Body diameter: 0.46 m
Launch weight: 770 kg
Payload: Single warhead 210 kg
Warhead: HE semi-armour-piercing
Guidance: Inertial, command update and active radar
Propulsion: Turbojet
Range: 60 km
Accuracy: n/k
Otomat Mk 2
Length: 4.46 m
Body diameter: 0.46 m
Launch weight: 770 kg
Payload: Single warhead 210 kg
Warhead: HE semi-armour-piercing
Guidance: Inertial, command update and active radar
Propulsion: Turbojet
Range: 180 km
Accuracy: n/k
Teseo Mk 3 or NGASM
Length: 5.6 m
Body diameter: 0.46 m
Launch weight: 800 kg
Payload: Single warhead 160 kg
Warhead: HE semi-armour piercing
Guidance: Inertial with GPS and updates, and active radar with IIR
Propulsion: Turbojet
Range: 250 km
Accuracy: n/k
Contractors
MBDA, Rome, Italy.
MBDA, Velizy-Villacoublay, France.
The Otomat Mk 2 missile, showing the turbojet engine intakes at the wingroots, and one of the jettisonable solid-propellant boost motors (Duncan Lennox)
A rear view of an Otomat Mk 2 missile, showing the jettisonable solid-propellant booster and command update receive antenna (Peter Humphris)
An Otomat Mk 2 missile ship launcher assembly (Harry Steele)
(1998)
A line diagram of the Otomat Mk 2 missile
UPDATED
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© 2002 Jane's Information Group Duncan Lennox