ВИФ2 NE

	От	Мазут
	К	Чоболак
	Дата	26.05.2002 02:26:02
	Рубрики	Современность;

История конфликта, факты, фактоиды, байки

Мир вам,

Собрал вот, по возможности.

С ув., Мазут

Полный документ здесь: http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/kyrgyzstan/hypermail/200105/0045.html

2. GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL ON THE KYRGYZ-CHINESE BORDER ISSUE. Department head in
the government Salamat Alamanov told RFE/RL correspondent on 25 May that
there were five disputed sites along the Kyrgyz-Chinese state border, and
China and the USSR officially recognized them as disputed areas in the 1960s.
They were:
a). The Khan-Tengri Peak, disputed area of 450 square kilometers,
b). The Erkechtam area, about 280 square kms,
c). The Jangy-Jer area, about 180 square kms,
and much smaller sites:
d). Uzengi-Kuush area,
e). Bozaigyr-Adjent area.

Цитаты из китайских источников о природе претензий и критика, довольно интересный док.:
http://www.uyghurinfo.com/viewNews.asp?newsid=5230

Пересказ истории и природы китайских претензий, статья неплохая и почти непредвзятая (для некитайского глаза) - http://www.future-china.org/spcl_rpt/uygr/ugr19990204.htm :

Перевод мой - быстрый, но легкий(C) - "Обоснованно или нет, впечатление того, что у Китая действительно имеются имперские претензии на среднеазиатские республики имеет свою подоплеку в вековой истории региональной вражды. Китайские территориальные претензии основаны на истории династии Хань - на заре письменной истории человечества. В зените расцвета династии Танг, Китай контролировал этот регион - по крайней мере до города Талас в Киргизии, где армия арабов нанесла поражение войскам Танг еще в VIII в. Уйгуры однако отмечают, что находки европеоидных мумий в пустыне Такла Макан указывают на то, кто населял этот регион "всех первей". История взаимоотношений китайцев и уйгуров, кровавая и жестокая, начинается с первых упоминаний в китайских источниках - VII в.

Real or not, the perception that China has imperial designs on the new Central Asian republics is founded on centuries of regional hostilities. Chinese territorial claims to Central Asia date back to the Han Dynasty, at the dawn of recorded history. At the height of the Tang Dynasty China once controlled this region, at least as far as the city of Talas in Kyrgyzstan where an Arab army once defeated the Tang forces in the eighth century. Uyghurs like to point to Caucasian mummies found in the Taklamakan desert to lay claim for being the original inhabitants of the region. The history of Chinese and Uyghur ethnic relations is a long and bloody one first recorded in Chinese annals in the seventh century.

Fear and mistrust are woven into the tapestry of Central Asia. Ever since the Huns rode out of the steppes to harass the Chinese, Persian and Roman empires the region has been a cauldron of ethnic strife. From earliest times, nomads and settlers have fought countless wars along the length and breadth of Central Asia, often taking turns to pillage a town or fortify a city. The clash of cultures seem to mirror the collision of continental plates that form the immense mountains in the region. The ebb and flow of civilizations reflect the shifting sands of the great Central Asian deserts that bury cities, and preserve ruins and mummies.

During the eighteenth century, the Manchu Ching Dynasty defeated the remnants of Chinggis Khan's Mongol Empire and took over the western lands beyond the Great Wall. The Chinese called the region Xinjiang, meaning the "New Dominion." At that time, Uyghurs and Uzbeks were called Turkistanis, but when the Russians and the Chinese began to wrestle for control of this region at the tattered edges of their empires, ethnic identities began to coalesce around new poles of power.

In the 1930s, Soviet advisors to Sheng Shicai, the Chinese warlord in Xinjiang's provincial capital of Urumchi, suggested the name of Uyghur for the troublesome subjects rebelling against the Chinese tax collectors and soldiers. The name originated from the ancient Uyghur Empire that had once straddled the caravan routes of the Old Silk Road between the Chinese and Persian empires. The name of the Uyghurs had disappeared under the sands of the Taklamakan desert in the fifteenth century, only to emerge again like a buried river bubbling up to feed a new oasis.

Очень неплохая коллекция фактов и фактоидов по этнической истории спорного региона:
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/usazerb/312.htm
Kazaks, Uigurs, Dungans, Kyrgyz, and Tajiks: All these peoples straddle the former Soviet-Chinese
Central Asian border. All are Muslims and all except the Dungans and the Tajiks are Turks. At
various times in the 19th and 20th centuries, large numbers fled either Chinese or Russian oppression in mass movements across borders which did not become official until the late 19th century. A million Kazaks now live in Chinese Turkestan (Xinjiang) and some extend into western Mongolia. (Small numbers of Mongols also live in far northern Xinjiang). A few thousand "Chinese" Kazaks have migrated to independent Kazakstan and many have reestablished contact with relatives and clansmen across the border.

The Turkic Uigurs are the basic population of Xinjiang, taking their name from the Great Uigur
Empire which flourished between the 6th and 9th centuries AD. They had little sense of ethnic unity
until recent times, scattered as they are over vast distances around the Taklamakan Desert in more
than a dozen major and many minor oasis settlements. Tens of thousands of Uigurs fled to Russian
territory when the Chinese reconquered the region in 1878 after more than a decade of
independence under Yakub Beg who had come to East Turkestan from a town near Tashkent. At
least 200,000 Uigurs now live in the ex-Soviet Central Asian republics. They have gained a positive
reputation as hard-working farmers, craftsmen, and traders. When the Soviet Union collapsed, those in ex-Soviet Central Asia (like the Dungans) quickly reestablished contact with relatives and kinsmen in Chinese territory. They are among the leaders in border trade.

http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/05/2-TCA/tca-230501.html
KYRGYZ FOREIGN MINISTER DEFENDS DELIMITATION OF KYRGYZ-CHINESE BORDER
In an article published in the official newspaper "Slovo Kyrgyzstana" on 22 May,2001 Foreign Minister Muratbek Imanaliev argued that the drawing of the official border between China and Kyrgyzstan was to the advantage of the latter, which retained the Pobeda and Khan-Tengry peaks. But he admits that Kyrgyzstan ceded some 30 percent of the disputed Bedel region. He did not mention the disputed Uzengi-Kuush district, 90,000 hectares of which Bishkek ceded to China under the terms of an agreement signed in 1999 by the Kyrgyz and Chinese presidents. The Kyrgyz parliament's committee on defense and security has scheduled hearings on 23 May the border issue and may move to impeach President Askar Akaev for violating the constitution by ceding the Uzengi-Kuush territory to China (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 9 May 2001). LF

Приличный квази-аналитический документ:
http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1045/
Summary: This report examines the foundation of China's policies toward Russia and the five republics of Central Asia, identifies the combination of issues and environmental conditions
== Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR). Roughly 60 percent of Xinjiang’s 16.6 million population is composed of ethnic minorities, who typically have far more cultural and ethnic affinity for the Islamic Turkic populations in Central Asia than they do for ethnic Han Chinese.
The region’s largest single ethnic group, the Uighurs, are ethnic Turks and number just over 7 million. Han Chinese are Xinjiang’s second largest ethnic group, with a population of approximately 6 million. The autonomous region is also home to over one million Kazakhs and smaller numbers of Kyrgyz, Tajiks, and Mongols.
Because of the heavy concentration of ethnic minority populations, the Chinese leadership views Xinjiang as particularly susceptible
to foreign, anti-Chinese influences. Following the Soviet Union’s collapse, Chinese leaders worried that transnational Islamic or ethnic Turkic forces operating out of the newly independent Central Asian Republics would actively encourage and support the separatist activities of minority groups within Xinjiang.6 ===

Картируя Центральную Азию:
http://www.icarp.org/publications/pub-mapping.html

http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/6686f45896f15dbc852567ae00530132/031f4e484f8e6eefc1256b950040e33f?OpenDocument

Новая "Большая Игра" в Центральной Азии
http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/centasia/welcome.htm
http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/centasia/cenasatc.htm
http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/centasia/cenasaai.htm
http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/centasia/cenasass.htm
http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/centasia/cenasap1.htm
http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/centasia/cenasap2.htm
http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/centasia/cenasap3.htm
http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/centasia/cenasap4.htm
http://www.milnet.com/milnet/pentagon/centasia/cenasap5.htm

U.S. Policy Priorities in Central Asia: Views from the East and South. Report of an Atlantic Council delegation visit to China, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan and India 14 June — 4 July 1998
http://www.acus.org/InternationalSecurity/CentAsiaTripRpt2.html

Взгляд по-турецки?
http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/pope-turkey.html

Моя Родина - Южная Киргизия - http://www.cpss.org/casianw/sovetbek.txt

Добро пожаловать в Республику Ленинабад, Keith Martin
"CENTRAL ASIA" No. 4 (10) 1997
http://www.ca-c.org/dataeng/st_06_martin.shtml

"The Event of Our Era": Ex-Soviet Muslim Republics Change the Middle East by Daniel Pipes. Central Asia and the World. 1994
http://www.danielpipes.org/pf.php?id=242

История национальной катастрофы: Таджики в Автономной Советской Социалистической Республике Туркестан, Рахим Масов, Edited and Translated by Iraj Bashiri
http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Masov/tajiks.html

Chang, Felix K. Beijing's reach in the South China Sea.
http://ic.ucsc.edu/~poli163/CHANG.html

In Its Own Neighborhood, China Emerges as a Leader
Bold Approach Challenges U.S. Power, Washington Post, Oct. 18, 2001, By John Pomfret
http://www.taiwansecurity.org/WP/2001/WP-101801-1.htm
======

Kyrgyzstan, by Wendy Paschal
http://www.aug.edu/augusta/students/magazineSpring2000/kyrgyzstan.htm

Смотрим на Великий Шелковый путь? Есть интересные фото из Синьцзяня (Lou and Joan Rose)
http://216.55.27.61/xoldsilkr.htm
http://216.55.27.61/xoldsilkrP.htm

The Water and Soil Crisis in Central Asia - a Source for Future Conflicts?
Stefan Klцtzli (1994) - Center for Security Policy and Conflict Research Zurich/ Swiss Peace Foundation Berne. Zurich/Berne, May 1994.
http://www.fsk.ethz.ch/encop/11/en11-ch4.htm

Рассказы иных альпинистов (о заложниках) про Киргизию - чрезвычайно интересные!:
http://www.climbing.com/Pages/feature_stories/feature206.html

Очень интересный рассказ про восхождение на Улуг-Музтаг в Кашгариии
http://www.highalpex.com/ulugh.html