"Прото-города" вас устроит? Вот, скажем, цитата по сабжу из Британники:
"The proto-urban tendencies are particularly strongly suggested by the oppida of western, central, and eastern Europe. These were often densely populated enclosed sites, which housed full-time specialists, such as glassmakers, leather workers, and smiths. Manching, one of the largest oppida in Europe, contained many of these characteristics. The site, located at the junction of the Danube and the Paar rivers, was occupied from about 200 BC and developed rapidly from a small undefended village to a large walled settlement. The defense was an elaborate construction consisting of four-mile-long walls built of timber and stones and including four gateways. Some areas within the defense were never occupied but others (a total of about 500 acres) were densely settled. The organization of the settlement was preplanned, with streets up to 30 feet wide and regular rows of rectangular buildings in front of zones containing pits and working areas; other areas were enclosed for granaries or the stalling of horses. The site was divided into work areas for particular crafts, such as wood, leather, and iron working. Coins were minted and used on the site, and there is evidence of much trade.
A market economy, rather than a redistributive economy, is the hallmark of these sites, and they were important supplements to the regionally dispersed smaller villages and farmsteads. Commodities became direct wealth, and the exchange of different values was monitored through coins. A drastically altered society was the result, but the Roman expansion at the end of the 2nd century BC caused major changes and brought local development to an end. The Romans established their own towns and a new system of government, and the oppida were not given the opportunity of developing on their own into towns, for which they had laid the ground."
>>То есть для Вас не составит труда привести фразу из приличной энциклопедии, где утверждается, что кольчугу изобрели ассирийцы? Я жду.
>
>кольчуга
>Российский энциклопедический словарь
>кольчуга, доспех, рубашка из железных колец. Появилась в 1-м тысячелетии до н. э. в Ассирии. В средние века была широко распространена в Европе и Азии.
Ну да, переписалли траву из БСЭ. Вам известны находки ассирийских кольчуг? Или Вам известны изображения ассирийских воинов в кольчугах? Мне, тёмному, нет -- ассирийцы изображаются либо без доспеха, либо в ламеллярках. Изображения кольчуг появляются только в 3 в до РХ в эллинистических источниках -- после галльской экспансии (впрочем, на форуме "Десятого легиона" кто-то утверждал, что имелись иранские находки кольчуг кажется 5 в до РХ, но подтверждения этому я не припомню)
А потом, почему келзты не могли изобрести кольчугу? Бочку изобрести могли (как утверждает, скажем, первый том "Истории Европы" Института Истории РАН), а кольчугу -- нет?
In hoc signo vinces
Re: Здрасьте... - Дмитрий Адров26.02.2006 17:53:32 (45, 1361 b)
